“Phasianinae”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Phasianinae (Horsfield, 1821) are a subfamily of the pheasant family (Phasianidae) of landfowl, the order Galliformes. The subfamily includes pheasants, tragopans, junglefowl, peafowl, and other similar birds.^[1] Although this subfamily was considered monophyletic and separated from the partridges, francolins, and Old World quails (Perdicinae) till the early 1990s,^[1]^[2] molecular phylogenies have shown that this two subfamilies actually constitute only one lineage. For example, some partridges (genus Perdix) are more closely affiliated to pheasants, whereas Old World quails and partridges from the genus Alectoris are closer to junglefowls.^[3]^[4]

Phasianinae are characterised by strong sexual dimorphism, males being highly ornate with bright colours and adornments such as wattles and long tails. Males are usually larger than females and have longer tails. Males play no part in rearing the young. They typically eat seeds and some insects.

Species in taxonomic order

Image

Genus

Living species

Ithaginis

Blood pheasant, Ithaginis cruentus

Tragopan

Western tragopan, Tragopan melanocephalus
Satyr tragopan, Tragopan satyra
Blyth's tragopan, Tragopan blythii
Temminck's tragopan, Tragopan temminckii
Cabot's tragopan, Tragopan caboti

Pucrasia

Koklass pheasant, Pucrasia macrolopha

Lophophorus, monals

Himalayan monal, Lophophorus impejanus
Sclater's monal, Lophophorus sclateri
Chinese monal, Lophophorus lhuysii

Gallus, junglefowl and chickens

Red junglefowl, Gallus gallus
- Domestic chicken, G. g. domesticus
Grey junglefowl, Gallus sonneratii
Sri Lanka junglefowl, Gallus lafayetii
Green junglefowl, Gallus varius

Lophura, gallopheasants

Kalij pheasant, (L. leucomelanos)
- White-crested kalij pheasant, (L. l. hamiltoni)
- Nepal kalij pheasant, (L. l. leucomelanos)
- Black-backed kalij pheasant, (L. l. melanota)
- Black kalij pheasant, (L. l. moffitti)
- Black-breasted kalij pheasant, (L. l. lathami)
- William's kalij pheasant, (L. l. williamsi)
- Oates' kalij pheasant, (L. l. oatesi)
- Crawfurd's kalij pheasant, (L. l. crawfurdi)
- Lineated kalij pheasant, (L. l. lineata)
Silver pheasant, (L. nycthemera)
- (L. n. lewisi)
- (L. n. annamensis)
- (L. n. engelbachi)
- (L. n. beli)
- (L. n. berliozi)
- (L. n. rufripes)
- (L. n. ripponi)
- (L. n. occidentalis)
- (L. n. beaulieui)
- (L. n. fokiensis)
- (L. n. whiteheadi)
- (L. n. omeiensis)
Imperial pheasant, Lophura imperialis
Edward's pheasant, Lophura edwardsi
- Vietnamese pheasant, Lophura edwardsi var. formerly Lophura hatinhensis
Swinhoe's pheasant, Lophura swinhoii
Hoogerwerf's pheasant, Lophura hoogerwerfi
Salvadori's pheasant, Lophura inornata
Crestless fireback, Lophura erythrophthalma
- Malayan crestless fireback, (L. e. erythrophthalma)
- Bornean crestless fireback, (L. e. pyronota)
Crested fireback, Lophura ignita
- Lesser Bornean crested fireback, (L. i. ignita)
- Greater Bornean crested fireback, (L. i. nobilis)
- Vieilott's crested fireback, (L. i. rufa)
- Delacour's crested fireback, (L. i. macartneyi)
Siamese fireback, Lophura diardi
Bulwer's pheasant, Lophura bulweri

Crossoptilon, eared pheasants

White eared pheasant, Crossoptilon crossoptilon
Tibetan eared pheasant, Crossoptilon harmani
Brown eared pheasant, Crossoptilon mantchuricum
Blue eared pheasant, Crossoptilon auritum

Catreus

Cheer pheasant, Catreus wallichii

Syrmaticus, long-tailed pheasants

Reeve's pheasant, Syrmaticus reevesi
Elliot's pheasant, Syrmaticus ellioti
Mrs. Hume's pheasant, Syrmaticus humiae
Mikado pheasant, Syrmaticus mikado
Copper pheasant, Syrmaticus soemmerringi

Phasianus, typical pheasants

Green pheasant Phasianus versicolor
Common pheasant, Phasianus colchicus
- Caucasus pheasants, Phasianus colchicus colchicus group
- White-winged pheasants, Phasianus colchicus chrysomelas/principalis group
- Prince of Wales pheasant, Phasianus colchicus principalis
- Mongolian ring-necked pheasants or white-winged ring-necked pheasants, Phasianus colchicus mongolicus group
- Tarim pheasants, Phasianus colchicus tarimensis group
- Chinese ring-necked pheasants, Phasianus colchicus torquatus group
- Taiwan pheasant, Phasianus colchicus formosanus

Chrysolophus, ruffed pheasants

Golden pheasant, Chrysolophus pictus
Lady Amherst's pheasant, Chrysolophus amherstiae

Polyplectron, peacock-pheasants

Bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant, Polyplectron chalcurum
Mountain peacock-pheasant, Polyplectron inopinatum
Germain's peacock-pheasant, Polyplectron germaini
Grey peacock-pheasant, Polyplectron bicalcaratum
Hainan peacock-pheasant, Polyplectron katsumatae
Malayan peacock-pheasant, Polyplectron malacense
Bornean peacock-pheasant, Polyplectron schleiermacheri
Palawan peacock-pheasant, Polyplectron emphanum

Rheinardia

Crested argus, Rheinardia ocellata

Argusianus

Great argus, Argusianus argus

Pavo Peacock

Indian peafowl Pavo cristatus
Green peafowl, Pavo muticus

Afropavo

Congo peafowl, Afropavo congensis

References

1. ^¹{{Cite book |title=The Pheasants of the World |year=1986 |last1=Johnsgard |first1=P. A. |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK}}
2. ^{{Cite book |title=The Quails, Partridges, and Francolins of the World |year=1988 |last1=Johnsgard |first1=P. A. |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK}}
3. ^{{Cite journal |doi=10.1006/mpev.1998.0562 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the pheasants and partridges suggests that these lineages are not monophyletic |year=1999 |last1=Kimball |first1=R. T. |last2=Braun |first2=E. L. |last3=Zwartjes |first3=P. W. |last4=Crowe |first4=T. M. |last5=Ligon |first5=J. D. |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=38–54 |pmid=10082609}}
4. ^{{Cite journal |doi=10.7717/peerj.361 |title=Does more sequence data improve estimates of galliform phylogeny? Analyses of a rapid radiation using a complete data matrix |year=2014 |last1=Kimball |first1=Rebecca T. |last2=Braun |first2=Edward L. |journal=PeerJ |pages=e361 |volume=2 |pmid=24795852 |pmc=4006227}}