词条 | Photo psychology | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
Many forms of photography have been used in psychology including, patient portrait photographs,[2] family photographs,[3][4] ambiguous photographs[5] and photographers' photographs.[6] Forms of psychological practices using photographs include photoanalysis,[3] phototherapy,[4] Walker Visuals,[5] and Reading Pictures.[6] TimelineAt the 111th APA convention in 2003, Joel Morgovsky, a photographer and retired psychology professor from Brookdale Community College, in Lincroft, New Jersey, alongside three other colleagues, presented a timeline of interactions between photography and psychology (see table below).[1][7][8]
Photography in psychotherapyPatient portraitsIn 1856, only a couple of decades after photography began, Hugh W. Diamond, a psychiatrist at the Surrey Asylum in Surrey County, England began taking photographs of his patients to aid in diagnosing and treating them.[9][10][11][12] Since the portraits contained more information about his patients' levels of emotion than language, definitions, or classifications, they helped with more accurate diagnoses.[2][12] For example, mental suffering can be categorized under vague terms such as distress, sorrow, grief, melancholy, anguish, and despair, but a photograph speaks for itself, precisely identifying where the patient is on the scale of unhappiness.[2] In sharing these portraits with the patients' themselves, Diamond found that the portraits can produce a positive effect on the patients, especially if successive portraits illustrate their progress to recovery.[2] One case study conducted by Diamond revealed how a patient's portraits helped lead to a cure through providing an attainable outside perspective of reality.[2] The patient suffered from delusions which consisted of supposed possession of great wealth and holding status of being a Queen.[2] In seeing her portraits and her frequent conversations about them with her therapist, she was able to gradually let go of her former imagined status.[2] In addition to helping diagnose and treat his patients, Diamond also suggested that these portraits could help in protection and clear representation of patients in case of readmission; similarly to how mug shots are helpful for prisons with improving certainty of previous conviction and in recapturing someone who might have escaped.[2] Personal photographsPhotoanalysis, proposed by Robert U. Akeret, is the study of body language in personal photographs (e.g. family photographs) to increase self-awareness, better understand interpersonal relationships, and more accurately recollect past episodic events.[3][13][14] Phototherapy, like photoanalysis, is a therapeutic technique which analyzes personal photographs and the feelings, thoughts, memories, and associations these photos evoke, as a way to deepen insight and enhance communication during therapy session.[4][15] Currently, phototherapy is being practiced by Judy Weiser in Vancouver, Canada in the PhotoTherapy Center.[4][14][15][16]Ambiguous photographsWalker Visuals, four 13" x 19" color, ambiguous, abstract, dreamlike, and evocative photographs, were created by psychiatrist and photographer, Joel Walker.[5][17][18][19] Similarly to the Rorschach test, what is perceived when looking at these photographs depends on one's own history, expectations, needs, beliefs, feelings, and what happened just before viewing the image.[5][18] Walker created these images after observing how his patients responded to strange photos he had taken and displayed on his office wall.[5][17] From there, Walker expended his collection to include a range of themes from positive to negative.[5] The images act as representations of his patient's inner world which allow them to better verbalize feelings and memories.[5][17][18] Walker visuals can be used universally across culture, language, education, and class.[5]Photographers' photographsReading Pictures is the study of photographs as reflections of the makers' personal, subjective experiences.[6] Morgovsky, a pioneer in Reading Pictures, established six fundamental mindsets needed for Reading Pictures:[6][20]
References1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=http://photopsychology.com/wordpress/what-is-photo-psychology/|title=WHAT IS PHOTO PSYCHOLOGY? {{!}} My CMS|website=photopsychology.com|access-date=28 March 2018}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Cite journal|last=Diamond|first=Hugh W.|year=2010|title=On the Application of Photography to the Physiognomic and Mental Phenomena of Insanity (1856)*|url=https://psicoart.unibo.it/article/download/2090/1478|journal=Piscoart|volume=1|pages=1–14|via=Unibo}} 3. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=Chalfen|first=Richard|date=10 January 1974|title=Akeret: Photoanalysis|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/afc0/d7ce28ce77ab9c8e03ccff68d66cd21a3086.pdf|journal=Studies in Visual Communication|volume=1|pages=57–60|via=Penn Libraries, University of Pennsylvania}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=https://phototherapy-centre.com/|title=PhotoTherapy & Therapeutic Photography Techniques|website=PhotoTherapy & Therapeutic Photography Techniques|access-date=30 March 2018}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Cite journal|last=Walker|first=Joel|year=2009|title=The Walker Visuals|url=http://incan-mexico.org/revistainvestiga/elementos/documentosPortada/1257540985.pdf|journal=Cancerologia|volume=4|pages=9–18}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 {{Cite web|url=http://photopsychology.com/wordpress/what-is-reading-pictures/|title=WHAT IS READING PICTURES? {{!}} My CMS|website=photopsychology.com|access-date=30 March 2018}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://photopsychology.com/wordpress/about-joel-morgovsky/|title=ABOUT Joel Morgovsky {{!}} My CMS|website=photopsychology.com|access-date=29 March 2018}} 8. ^{{Cite journal|last=Morgovsky|first=Joel|year=2007|title=Photography on the Couch: The Psychological Uses of Photography|url=http://www.apadivisions.org/division-1/publications/newsletters/general/2007/04-issue.pdf|journal=The General Psychologist: Division ONE|volume=42|pages=27–30|via=American Psychological Association}} 9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://blog.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/a-z-photography-collection-hugh-welch-diamond/|title=D is for… Dr. Hugh Welch Diamond: Photography and the pseudoscience of physiognomy|work=National Science and Media Museum blog|access-date=6 April 2018}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/283091|title=Hugh Welch Diamond {{!}} Patient, Surrey County Lunatic Asylum {{!}} The Met|website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art, i.e. The Met Museum|access-date=6 April 2018}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/artists/1805/hugh-welch-diamond-british-1809-1886/|title=Hugh Welch Diamond (British, 1809–1886) (Getty Museum)|website=The J. Paul Getty in Los Angeles|access-date=6 April 2018}} 12. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.cvltnation.com/portraits-of-insanity-the-photos-of-dr-hugh-welch-diamond/|title=Portraits of Insanity The Photos of Dr. Hugh Welch Diamond -|date=7 November 2014|work=CVLT Nation|access-date=6 April 2018}} 13. ^{{Cite journal|last=Saffady|first=William|date=October 1974|title=Manuscripts and Psychohistory|journal=The American Archivist|volume=37|issue=4|pages=559|doi=10.17723/aarc.37.4.234216kt88624n30}} 14. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://truecenterpublishing.com/photopsy/people_pics.htm|title=Photographic Psychology: Interpreting People Pics|website=truecenterpublishing.com|access-date=9 April 2018}} 15. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.artsintherapy.com/what-is-phototherapy/|title=What is PhotoTherapy? {{!}} Arts in Therapy Network|website=www.artsintherapy.com|access-date=8 April 2018}} 16. ^{{Cite news|url=https://phototherapy-centre.com/about-judy-weiser/|title=Judy Weiser|date=2 July 2014|work=PhotoTherapy & Therapeutic Photography Techniques|access-date=8 April 2018}} 17. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=Jacobs|first=Nellie|date=Spring 2002|title=A Picture Unleashes a Thousand Words|url=https://phototherapytherapeuticphotography.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/a_picture_unleashes_a_thousand_words_j-walker_2002.pdf|journal=MEDHUNTERS Magazine|pages=8–10}} 18. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=Zakia|first=Richard|year=2003|title=Perception and Imaging: The Walker Visuals|url=http://masteringphoto.com/the-walker-visuals/|journal=Perception and Imaging: Photography–A Way of Seeing|volume=4|via=Taylor & Francis Group}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.joelwalker.com/|title=Joel Walker, photographer, Psychiatrist|website=joelwalker.com|access-date=4 April 2018}} 20. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 {{Cite web|url=http://andradamihailescu-mpp.blogspot.com/2013/04/joel-morgovsky-reading-pictures.html|title=Major Practical Project – Hodie Sum: Joel Morgovsky – Reading Pictures|last=Mihailescu|first=Andrada|website=Major Practical Project – Hodie Sum|access-date=9 April 2018}} 21. ^{{Cite book|title=Face of Madness: Hugh W. Diamond and the Origin of Psychiatric Photography|last=Gilman|first=Sander L.|last2=Diamond|first2=Hugh W.|last3=Conolly|first3=John|date=14 March 2014|publisher=Echo Point Books & Media|isbn=9781626549234|language=English}} 22. ^{{Cite book|title=Portraits of the Insane: The Case of Dr. Diamond|last=Burrows|first=Adrienne|last2=Schumacher|first2=Iwan|date=1 October 1990|publisher=Quartet Books|isbn=9780704326149|location=London; New York|language=English}} 23. ^{{Cite book|title=Phototherapy and Therapeutic Photography in a Digital Age|date=6 February 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780415667364|editor-last=Loewenthal|editor-first=Del|edition= 1st|language=English}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.richardchalfen.com/bio.html|title=Richard Chalfen, PhD / Bio & CV|website=richardchalfen.com|access-date=9 April 2018}} 25. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/photolanguage-robert-u-akeret/1100871813|title=Photolanguage: How Photos Reveal the Fascinating Stories of Our Lives and Relationships|last=Noble|first=Barnes &|website=Barnes & Noble|access-date=9 April 2018}} 26. ^{{Cite web|url=http://truecenterpublishing.com/photopsy/readings.htm|title=Photographic Psychology: Reviews and Recommended Readings|website=truecenterpublishing.com|access-date=9 April 2018}} Further reading
1 : Branches of psychology |
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