“Publicly owned treatment works”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A publicly owned treatment works (POTW) is a term used in the United States for a sewage treatment plant that is owned, and usually operated, by a government agency. In the U.S., POTWs are typically owned by local government agencies, and are usually designed to treat domestic sewage and not industrial wastewater.

The term is used extensively in U.S. water pollution law (i.e. the Clean Water Act), regulations and programs.^[1]^[2] Many POTWs were established or expanded with grants or low-interest loans from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).^[3]

There are over 16,000 POTWs in the U.S., serving 75 percent of the total population.^[4] The remainder of the population is served by decentralized or private septic systems. The POTWs treat {{convert|32|e9USgal|abbr=off}} of wastewater every day.^[5] Most POTWs are required to meet national secondary treatment standards.^[6]^[7]

See also

References

1. ^United States. Clean Water Act (CWA), Titles II and VI. {{usc|33|1281}}, {{usc|33|1381}}.
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.epa.gov/npdes/national-pretreatment-program |title=National Pretreatment Program |author= |date=2015-11-16 |website=National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) |publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |location=Washington, D.C.}}
3. ^{{cite report |author-last=Copeland |author-first=Claudia |date=2016-10-18 |title=Clean Water Act: A Summary of the Law |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL30030.pdf |publisher=U.S. Congressional Research Service |location=Washington, D.C. |pages=4-5 |id=RL30030}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.dhs.gov/water-and-wastewater-systems-sector |title=Water and Wastewater Systems Sector |author= |date=2016-01-08 |website=Critical Infrastructure Sectors |publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security |location=Washington, D.C.}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/watersecurity/basicinformation.cfm |title=Basic Information about Water Security |author= |date=2014-02-11 |website=Water Security |publisher=EPA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906005124/http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/watersecurity/basicinformation.cfm |archive-date=2015-09-06}}
6. ^CWA sec. 304(d)(1), {{USC|33|1314(d)(1)}} and "Secondary Treatment Regulation", Code of Federal Regulations, {{uscfr|40|133}}.
7. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.epa.gov/npdes/secondary-treatment-standards |title=Secondary Treatment Standards |author= |date=2016-11-01 |website=National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System |publisher=EPA}}