| 词条 | Mae Klong |
| 释义 |
The Mae Klong ({{Lang-th|แม่น้ำแม่กลอง}}, {{RTGS|Maenam Mae Klong}}, {{IPA-th|mɛ̂ːnáːm mɛ̂ː klɔ̄ːŋ}}), sometimes spelled Mae Khlong or Meklong, is a river in western Thailand. The river begins at the confluence of the Khwae Noi (Khwae Sai Yok) and the Khwae Yai River (Khwae Si Sawat) in Kanchanaburi, it passes Ratchaburi Province and empties into the Gulf of Thailand in Samut Songkhram Province. The actual origin of the river is in the Tenasserim Hills, around the Khuean Srinagarindra National Park area in the north of Kanchanaburi Province.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}} In its upper reaches, it feeds the giant Umphang Thee Lor Sue Waterfall.{{Citation needed|date=July 2018}} EnvironmentThe Mae Klong river basin has a tropical savanna climate, and is subject to two major thermal systems, the southwest and the northeast monsoons. The southwest monsoon brings moisture up from the Indian Ocean beginning in May and climaxing with heavy rains in September and October. These heavy rains are supplemented by cyclones out of the South China Aea during the same two months. The rising of the winds of the northeast monsoon bring an end to this rainfall. Almost 80% of the annual rainfall in the basin occurs in the half-year from May to October. Total annual rainfall ranges from {{Convert|1000|mm|in|0}} on the coast to {{Convert|2400|mm|in|0}} at the higher elevations.[1] Temperatures in the basin range from lows of 18°C to highs of 38°C.[1] Giant freshwater stingrays inhabit the river. A sudden die-off of forty-five of these rays in September 2016 threaten them with local extinction. Authorities have suspected that pollution was the cause of the die-off.[2][3][4][5] It was later attributed to molasses waste water which leaked from a sugar/ethanol factory in Ban Pong District of Ratchaburi Province on 30 September that continued until 7 October. High levels of free ammonia killed the animals.[6] The waste water was have been reused by farms and not discharged into the environment. The Pollution Control Department will sue Rajburi Ethanol Co for allowing molasses wastewater to leak.[6][7]References1. ^1 {{Cite book|author=Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies |year=1996 |chapter=Existing Environmental Conditions: Physical Resources |title=Final Report for Environmental Impact Assessment of Ratchaburi Power Plant Project |publisher=World Bank |pages=3-1–3-145|url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/984641468781164095/pdf/multi-page.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708223124/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/984641468781164095/pdf/multi-page.pdf |archive-date=9 July 2018 |dead-url=no |df=dmy}} 2. ^{{Cite magazine|last1=Rujivanarom|first1=Pratch|title=Authorities told to tackle water pollution to prevent deaths of aquatic animals|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/national/Authorities-told-to-tackle-water-pollution-to-prev-30297554.html|accessdate=13 October 2016|magazine=The Nation|date=13 October 2016}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=Giant stingrays in Thailand's Mae Klong River facing extinction|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/giant-stingrays-under-threat-in-mae-klong-river|accessdate=13 October 2016|work=Straits Times|agency=THE NATION/ASIA NEWS NETWORK|date=9 October 2016}} 4. ^{{cite news|last1=Atthakor|first1=Ploenpote|title=Alarm over dead stingrays in Mae Klong River|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/general/1104828/alarm-over-dead-stingrays-in-mae-klong-river|accessdate=13 October 2016|work=Bangkok Post|date=7 October 2016}} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Howard|first1=Brian Clark|title=70 Car-Size Stingrays Die Mysteriously|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/11/70-giant-stingrays-die-mae-klong-river-thailand/|accessdate=12 November 2016|work=National Geographic|date=10 November 2016}} 6. ^1 {{cite news|title=Tests prove ethanol plant leak killed giant stingrays|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/environment/1116004/|accessdate=21 October 2016|work=Bangkok Post|date=21 October 2016}} 7. ^{{cite news|last1=Atthakor|first1=Ploenpote|title=Environment loses as rays of hope dim|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1113929/environment-loses-as-rays-of-hope-dim|accessdate=19 October 2016|work=Bangkok Post|date=19 October 2016|format=Editorial}} External links{{commons category}}
5 : Rivers of Thailand|Geography of Kanchanaburi Province|Geography of Ratchaburi Province|Geography of Samut Songkhram Province|Gulf of Thailand |
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