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词条 Robot Scientist
释义

  1. Prototype

  2. Adam and Eve

  3. References

  4. See also

{{EngvarB|date=February 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}{{Infobox project
| name = Robot Scientist
| logo =
| website =
| commercial =
| type = Scientific Research
| location = {{Plainlist|
  • University of Manchester
  • Aberystwyth University
  • Imperial College London
  • University of Cambridge[1]
  • Robert Gordon University[2]}}

| owner = Ross King
| founderimage =
| founder =
| missionstatement =
| date_of_establishment = 2004
| funding = EPSRC
BBSRC[1][2][3]

}}Robot Scientist (also known as Adam[6]) is a laboratory robot created and developed by a group of scientists including Ross King, Kenneth Whelan, Ffion Jones, Philip Reiser, Christopher Bryant, Stephen Muggleton, Douglas Kell and Steve Oliver.[2][4][5][6][7][8]

Prototype

As a prototype for a "robot scientist", Adam is able to perform independent experiments to test hypotheses and interpret findings without human guidance, removing some of the drudgery of laboratory experimentation.[9][10] Adam is capable of:

  • hypothesizing to explain observations
  • devising experiments to test these hypotheses
  • physically running the experiments using laboratory robotics
  • interpreting the results from the experiments
  • repeating the cycle as required[8][11][12][13][14][15]

While researching yeast-based functional genomics, Adam became the first machine in history to have discovered new scientific knowledge independently of its human creators.[16][17][18]

Adam and Eve

Adam's research studied baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)[19] and is one of two robot scientists along with "Eve"[11][20] (named after Adam and Eve), a robot currently doing research on drug screening.[21][22][23][24][25]

References

1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/news/archive/2009/090402-pr-robot-scientist.aspx |title=2 April 2009 – Robot scientist becomes first machine to discover new scientific knowledge – Media release – BBSRC |archivedate=24 February 2013|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6EfLk3Qp2}}
2. ^BBSRC grant A robot scientist for drug design and chemical genetics, via Research Councils UK
3. ^BBSRC grant: A robot scientist for yeast systems biology, via Research Councils UK
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/cs/research/cb/projects/robotscientist/ |title=Robot Scientist at Aberystwyth University |archivedate=12 June 2011 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110612012731/http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/cs/research/cb/projects/robotscientist| deadurl= no}}
5. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Sparkes | first1 = A. | last2 = Aubrey | first2 = W. | last3 = Byrne | first3 = E. | last4 = Clare | first4 = A. | last5 = Khan | first5 = M. N. | last6 = Liakata | first6 = M. | last7 = Markham | first7 = M. | last8 = Rowland | first8 = J. | last9 = Soldatova | first9 = L. N. | last10 = Whelan | first10 = K. E. | last11 = Young | first11 = M. | last12 = King | first12 = R. D. | title = Towards Robot Scientists for autonomous scientific discovery | doi = 10.1186/1759-4499-2-1 | journal = Automated Experimentation | volume = 2 | pages = 1 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20119518 | pmc =2813846 }}
6. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = King | first1 = R. D. | authorlink1 = Ross D. King| last2 = Rowland | first2 = J. | last3 = Oliver | first3 = S. G. | authorlink3 = Stephen Oliver (scientist)| last4 = Young | first4 = M. | last5 = Aubrey | first5 = W. | last6 = Byrne | first6 = E. | last7 = Liakata | first7 = M. | last8 = Markham | first8 = M. | last9 = Pir | first9 = P. | last10 = Soldatova | doi = 10.1126/science.325_945a | first10 = L. N. | last11 = Sparkes | first11 = A. | last12 = Whelan | first12 = K. E. | last13 = Clare | first13 = A. | title = Make Way for Robot Scientists | journal = Science | volume = 325 | issue = 5943 | pages = 945 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19696334 |bibcode = 2009Sci...325R.945K }}
7. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Anderson | first1 = Philip W.| authorlink1 = Philip Warren Anderson | last2 = Abrahams | first2 = Elihu| doi = 10.1126/science.324_1515c | title = Machines Fall Short of Revolutionary Science | journal = Science | volume = 324 | issue = 5934 | pages = 1515–1516 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19541975 |bibcode = 2009Sci...324.1515A }}
8. ^1 {{Cite journal | last1 = King | first1 = R. D. | authorlink1 = Ross D. King| doi = 10.1038/scientificamerican0111-72 | title = Rise of the Robo Scientists | journal = Scientific American | volume = 304 | issue = 1 | pages = 72–76 | year = 2011 | bibcode = 2011SciAm.304a..72K }}
9. ^{{cite news | last = Mosher | first = Dave | title = Developer of Robot Scientist Wants to Standardize Science | work = Wired | url = https://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/04/robot-scientist-language | date=13 April 2011}}
10. ^{{cite news | last = Buchen | first = Lizzie | title =Robot Makes Scientific Discovery All by Itself | work = Wired | url = https://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/04/robotscientist | date=2 April 2009}}
11. ^1 {{Cite journal | last1 = Wilson | first1 = N. | title = Technology: A robot scientist | doi = 10.1038/nrg1300 | journal = Nature Reviews Genetics | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = 164 | year = 2004 }}
12. ^{{cite news | last = Greenemeier | first = Larry | title = Meet Adam and Eve: AI Lab-Bots That Can Take On Reams of Data | work = Scientific American | year = 2009 | url = http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=robots-adam-and-eve-ai | accessdate = 2 April 2009}}
13. ^{{cite news | last = Kleiner | first = Kurt | title = Robot scientist makes discoveries without human help | work = New Scientist | year = 2009 | url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16890-robot-scientist-makes-discoveries-without-human-help-.html}}
14. ^{{cite news | last = Anon | title = Adam becomes first robot to make a scientific discovery after conducting its OWN experiments | work = Daily Mail | year = 2009 | url = http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1167004/Adam-robot-make-scientific-discovery-conducting-OWN-experiments.html | location=London}}
15. ^{{cite news | last = Gill | first = Victoria | title = Robo-scientist's first findings | publisher = BBC News | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7979113.stm | date=2 April 2009}}
16. ^1 {{Cite journal |last1 = King|last2= Rowland | first2 = J. |last3 = Aubrey | first3 = W.|last4 = Liakata | first4 = M.|last5= Markham | first5 = M.|last6 = Soldatova |first6 = L. N.|last7 = Whelan | first7 = K. E. |last8 = Clare | first8 = A. |last9 = Young | first9= M. |last10 = Sparkes | first10 = A. |last11 = Oliver | first11 = S. G. |last12 = Pir | first12 = P.| title = The Robot Scientist Adam| year = 2009| journal = Computer |volume = 42 |issue = 7| pages = 46–54 | doi = 10.1109/MC.2009.270 | first1 = P. }}
17. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = King | first1 = R. D. | authorlink1 = Ross D. King| last2 = Rowland | first2 = J. | last3 = Oliver | first3 = S. G. | authorlink3 = Stephen Oliver (scientist)| last4 = Young | first4 = M. | last5 = Aubrey | first5 = W. | last6 = Byrne | first6 = E. | last7 = Liakata | first7 = M. | last8 = Markham | first8 = M. | last9 = Pir | first9 = P. | last10 = Soldatova | doi = 10.1126/science.1165620 | first10 = L. N. | last11 = Sparkes | first11 = A. | last12 = Whelan | first12 = K. E. | last13 = Clare | first13 = A. | title = The Automation of Science | journal = Science | volume = 324 | issue = 5923 | pages = 85–89 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19342587 |bibcode = 2009Sci...324...85K }}
18. ^{{cite news | last = Cookson | first = Clive | title = Robot achieves scientific first | work = Financial Times | year = 2009 | url = http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f2b97d9a-1f96-11de-a7a5-00144feabdc0.html}}
19. ^1 2 {{Cite journal | last1 = King | first1 = R. D. | authorlink1 = Ross D. King| last2 = Whelan | first2 = K. E. | last3 = Jones | first3 = F. M. | last4 = Reiser | first4 = P. G. K. | last5 = Bryant | first5 = C. H. | last6 = Muggleton | first6 = S. H. | authorlink6 = Stephen Muggleton| last7 = Kell | first7 = D. B. | authorlink7 = Douglas Kell| last8 = Oliver | first8 = S. G.| authorlink8 = Stephen Oliver (scientist) | doi = 10.1038/nature02236 | title = Functional genomic hypothesis generation and experimentation by a robot scientist | journal = Nature | volume = 427 | issue = 6971 | pages = 247–252 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14724639 | bibcode = 2004Natur.427..247K }}
20. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1098/rsif.2014.1289| pmid = 25652463| pmc = 4345494| title = Cheaper faster drug development validated by the repositioning of drugs against neglected tropical diseases| journal = Journal of the Royal Society Interface| volume = 12| issue = 104| pages = 20141289| year = 2015| last1 = Williams | first1 = K.| last2 = Bilsland | first2 = E.| last3 = Sparkes | first3 = A.| last4 = Aubrey | first4 = W.| last5 = Young | first5 = M.| last6 = Soldatova | first6 = L. N.| last7 = De Grave | first7 = K.| last8 = Ramon | first8 = J.| last9 = De Clare | first9 = M.| last10 = Sirawaraporn | first10 = W.| last11 = Oliver | first11 = S. G.| last12 = King | first12 = R. D.}}
21. ^Robot Scientist Helps Design New Drugs, Voice of America
22. ^Robot scientist’ Eve could speed up search for new drugs, kurzweilai.net
23. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-31124843 'Robot scientist' holds key to new drugs], BBC News
24. ^'Robot Scientist' Could Speed Up Drug Discovery, Sky News
25. ^[https://uk.news.yahoo.com/robot-could-speed-discovery-drugs-024014876.html 'Robot Scientist' Could Speed Up Drug Discovery], Yahoo News

See also

{{Portal|Robotics}}{{Wikinews|Welsh University announces intelligent robot conducting biology experiments}}
  • Graffiti (program)

5 : Aberystwyth University|Laboratory robots|Robots of the United Kingdom|2000s robots|School of Computer Science, University of Manchester
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