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词条 Semitic Action
释义

  1. Notes

  2. External links

  3. References

{{Short description|defunct political party}}Semitic Action ({{lang-he|הפעולה השמית}}, HaPeulah Hashemit) was a small Israeli political group of the 1950s and 1960s which sought the creation of a regional federation encompassing Israel and its Arab neighbors.[1][2] Created in 1956,[2] the group's key members were Uri Avnery, Natan Yellin-Mor, and Boaz Evron,[3] with other members including Maxim Ghilan, Shalom Cohen, and Amos Kenan.[4] Joel Beinin describes the group as "a political expression of the Canaanite movement" which "advocated that Hebrew-speaking Israelis cut their ties with the Jewish diaspora and integrate into the Middle East as natives of the region on the basis of an anticolonialist alliance with its indigenous Arab inhabitants."[5]

In 1958 the group published a platform, titled "The Hebrew Manifesto." It described the "Hebrew nation" in Israel as a new entity, albeit one linked to the Jewish diaspora, and called for moving beyond outmoded Zionist ideas that were now holding back the nation's development.[6] It put forward a program of secularism, complete civic equality between Jews and Arabs, support for anti-colonial movements, and a relationship with the diaspora based on national interest rather than ethnic, religious, or cultural ties.[7][8][9] Jacob Shavit writes that the manifesto emerged from the meeting of three groups: former Canaanites, former Lehi members who had moved to the Left, and Avnery and his associates, who Shavit describes as "neither Left nor Right."[10]

The group published a journal, Etgar (אתגר, "Challenge"), edited by Yellin-Mor, weekly or biweekly from April 1960 until March 1967.[2][11] It also attempted to run for the Knesset.[12] One of its founders, Yaakov Yeredor (a former Lehi member), represented the Arab nationalist group al-Ard in three of its trials.[13][14]

In December 1960 several members of Semitic Action (Avnery, Yellin-Mor, Ghilan, Cohen, and Kenan) created the Israeli Committee for a Free Algeria, a group supportive of the FLN in the Algerian War, in opposition to Israel's official policy.[4][5][15] The impetus for this decision came from Henri Curiel, who had introduced Avnery to members of the FLN and suggested to him that an independent Algeria would repay Israeli support by becoming Israel's first friend in the region.[4][5]

Semitic Action was revived in early 2011 as a grassroots peace movement by activists seeking what they call "a revolutionary alternative to foreign-backed organizations that only exacerbate local frictions and bring the peoples of our region further from genuine peace."[22]

The new Semitic Action describes itself as "an Israel-based movement seeking to unite the indigenous peoples of the Middle East against the devastating influence of foreign powers in our region and the local conflicts created by the pursuit of their interests.[16] Since its resurrection, the movement has organized meetings between Palestinians and Israeli settlers in the West Bank,[17] initiated campaigns to raise support for an independent Kurdistan[18][19] and promoted a unified front of indigenous peoples against foreign political influences in the Middle East. The movement has also been vocal against westernization,[20] globalization,[21] pro-Israel support from the American Christian right,[22] Islamophobia in Israeli society,[23] capitalism[24] and the funding of local political organizations by foreign governments.[25][26]

Notes

1. ^{{cite journal|last=Diamond|first=James S.|year=1990|title=We Are Not One: A Post-Zionist Perspective.|journal=Tikkun|volume=5|issue=2|pages=107|url=https://docs.google.com/gview?a=v&q=cache:u5iG5WrE5J8J:www.tikkun.org/mediagallery/download.php%3Fmid%3D20090505142537689+%22We+Are+Not+One:+A+Post-Zionist+Perspective.%22&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgTWzHS7FvDOoPppUaA5svzLFaOkhaHGmK-VbqxkEaohgC_EHY9CrUjeu2iEdrkWynaIxhJh8Yf37_oYJHSRNuOoQKUp-_wU1jOZB1zoWhg8FNFPi7wDuV1uo1hCgSJw-pvEMH_&sig=AFQjCNE4qzSmJWJqAhPLUxz1o7u1Lt_dvQ}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Hattis Rolef|first=Susan|title=Encyclopaedia Judaica|chapter=YELLIN-MOR (Friedman), NATHAN|chapter-url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0021_0_21240.html}}
3. ^Shavit 149
4. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Beinin|first=Joel|title=Was the Red Flag Flying There? Marxist Politics and the Arab-Israeli Conflict in Egypt and Israel 1948-1965|publisher=University of California Press|year=1990|pages=151}}
5. ^1 2 Beinin, Joel (1998). The Dispersion of Egyptian Jewry: Culture, Politics, and the Formation of a Modern Diaspora. University of California Press. pp. 166
6. ^Shavit 185
7. ^{{cite book|last=Shatz|first=Adam|title=Prophets Outcast: a Century of Dissident Jewish Writing About Zionism and Israel|publisher=NationBooks|year=2004|pages=209|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DM3gsuK2pIEC&pg=PA211&lpg=PA211&dq=%22hebrew+manifesto%22+%22semitic+action%22&source=bl&ots=e15SC0CHAs&sig=6RihM1o-ZJckT5Zx3qmhof8_Ae0&hl=en&ei=_kKgStyXE5CZlAfYkrz4DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6#v=onepage&q=%22hebrew%20manifesto%22%20%22semitic%20action%22&f=false | isbn=978-1-56025-509-3}}
8. ^{{cite book|last=Bligh|first=Alexander|title=The Israeli Palestinians: an Arab minority in the Jewish State|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|pages=234|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_1OBhi0l4OkC&pg=PA234&lpg=PA234&dq=%22hebrew+manifesto%22+%22semitic+action%22&source=bl&ots=JZf0Q07_mC&sig=25jzZA8oLLCMOAVIcKwAlWGZd7o&hl=en&ei=_kKgStyXE5CZlAfYkrz4DA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3#v=onepage&q=%22hebrew%20manifesto%22%20%22semitic%20action%22&f=false | isbn=978-0-7146-8345-4}}
9. ^Shavit 149-150
10. ^149
11. ^Shavit 150, 164
12. ^Shavit 150
13. ^Harris, Ron. "A Case Study in the Banning of Political Parties: The Pan-Arab Movement El Ard and the Israeli Supreme Court" (August 22, 2004). bepress Legal Series. Working Paper 349. p. 48.
14. ^Lahav, Pnina. Judgment in Jerusalem: Chief Justice Simon Agranat and the Zionist Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
15. ^{{cite journal|last=Laskier|first=Michael M.|date=Summer 2001|title=Israel and Algeria amid French Colonialism and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1954-1978|journal=Israel Studies|volume=6|issue=2|pages=4|doi=10.1353/is.2001.0017}}
16. ^1 {{cite web |title=Homepage |url=http://www.semiticaction.org.il/home/ |publisher=Semitic Action |accessdate=20 August 2018}}
17. ^Israeli & Palestinian Activists Meet in Hizme
18. ^Activists Launch Campaign for Free Kurdistan
19. ^US, Turkey to Cooperate Against Kurds
20. ^Arab-Jewish Unity Against Shortened Workweek
21. ^Activists Organizing Against McDonald's at Masada
22. ^Activists Oppose Beck's Jerusalem Rally
23. ^Peace Activists Slam MK for Attempts to Silence Muezzin
24. ^Leef Group calls for Peoples Strike
25. ^Report Details British Funding for Local Anti-Zionists
26. ^Security Forces Raid Migron Heights

External links

  • Semitic Action website

References

  • {{cite book|last=Shavit|first=Jacob|authorlink=Jacob Shavit|title=The New Hebrew Nation: a Study in Israeli Heresy and Fantasy|publisher=Routledge|year=1987}}

4 : Political organizations in Israel|1956 establishments in Israel|Canaanites (movement)|Lehi (group)
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