| 词条 | SM U-69 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
SM U-69 was a Type U 66 submarine or U-boat for the German Imperial Navy ({{lang-de|Kaiserliche Marine}}) during the First World War. She had been laid down in February 1914 as U-10 the fourth boat of the U-7 class for the Austro-Hungarian Navy ({{lang-de|Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine}} or {{lang|de|K.u.K. Kriegsmarine}}) but was sold to Germany, along with the others in her class, in November 1914. The submarine was ordered as U-10 from Germaniawerft of Kiel as the first of five boats of the U-7 class for the Austro-Hungarian Navy. After the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the Austro-Hungarian Navy became convinced that none of the submarines of the class could be delivered to the Adriatic via Gibraltar. As a consequence, the entire class, including U-10, was sold to the German Imperial Navy in November 1914. Under German control, the class became known as the U 66 type and the boats were renumbered; U-10 became U-69, and all were redesigned and reconstructed to German specifications. U-69 was launched in June 1915 and commissioned in September. As completed, she displaced {{convert|791|t|LT}}, surfaced, and {{convert|933|t|LT}}, submerged. The boat was {{convert|69.50|m|ft|0}} long and was armed with five torpedo tubes and a deck gun. As a part of the 4th Flotilla, U-69 sank 31 ships with a combined gross register tonnage of 102,875 in five war patrols. U-69 left Emden on her sixth patrol on 9 July 1917 for operations off Ireland. On 11 July, U-69 reported her position off Norway but neither she nor any of her crew were ever heard from again. British records say that U-69 was sunk by destroyer {{HMS|Patriot|1916|6}} on 12 July, but a German postwar study cast doubt on this. U-69{{'}}s fate is officially unknown. Design and constructionAfter the Austro-Hungarian Navy had competitively evaluated three foreign submarine designs, it selected the Germaniawerft 506d design, also known as the Type UD, for its new U-7 class of five submarines.[4] The Navy ordered five boats on 1 February 1913.[5] The U-7 class was seen by the Austro-Hungarian Navy as an improved version of its U-3 class, which was also a Germaniawerft design.[5][6] As designed for the Austro-Hungarian Navy, the boats were to displace {{convert|695|t|LT}} on the surface and {{convert|885|t|LT}} while submerged. The doubled-hulled boats were to be {{convert|69.50|m|ft|0}} long overall with a beam of {{convert|6.30|m|ft}} and a draft of {{convert|3.79|m|ft}}. The Austrian specifications called for two shafts with twin diesel engines ({{convert|2300|PS|bhp kW|lk=in|0}} total) for surface running at up to {{convert|17|kn}}, and twin electric motors ({{convert|1240|PS|shp kW|abbr=on|0}} total) for a maximum of {{convert|11|kn}} when submerged.[5] The boats were designed with five {{convert|45|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes; four located in the bow, one in the stern. The boats' armament was to also include a single {{convert|6.6|cm|in|abbr=on}} deck gun.[5] U-10 was laid down on 7 February 1914,[2] and her construction was slated to be complete within 29 to 33 months.[5]Neither U-10 nor any of her sister boats were complete when World War I began in August 1914.[7] With the boats under construction at Kiel, the Austrians became convinced that it would be impossible to take delivery of the boats, which would need to be towed into the Mediterranean past Gibraltar, a British territory.[5][8] As a result, U-10 and her four sisters were sold to the Imperial German Navy on 28 November 1914.[1][9] U-10 was renumbered by the Germans as U-69 when her class was redesignated as the Type U 66. The Imperial German Navy had the submarines redesigned and reconstructed to German standards, which increased the surface displacement by {{convert|96|t|LT}} and the submerged by {{convert|48|t|LT}}. The torpedo load was increased by a third, from 9 to 12, and the deck gun was upgraded from the {{convert|6.6|cm|in|abbr=on}} gun originally specified to an {{convert|8.8|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} Uk L/30 one.[1]Service careerU-69 was launched on 24 June 1915.[1] On 4 September, SM U-69 was commissioned into the Imperial German Navy under the command of Kapitänleutnant Ernst Wilhelms.[2] On 4 March 1916, U-69 was assigned to the IV. U-Halbflotille.[10]U-69 successfully completed five war patrols in which she sank 31 ships with a combined a total of {{GRT|102,875|disp=long}}. U-69{{'}}s most successful month for number of ships sunk was April 1916, when she sank eight ships of 21,051 tons in a span of six days. The month with the highest tonnage sunk was June 1917 when she sank five ships of 28,808 tons in a nine-day span;[11] nearly half of that total came from one ship, the 13,441-ton British armed merchant cruiser {{SS|Avenger||2}} sunk on 14 June.[12] Avenger had been patrolling off the Shetland Islands and was returning to Scapa Flow, when she was struck by a single torpedo on the port side. The ship began listing heavily and non-essential crew were evacuated while destroyers arrived and took her under tow. Despite strenuous efforts to save her, Avenger foundered ten hours after being hit when her internal bulkheads collapsed. One man was killed in the attack.[13]U-69 began her sixth and final patrol on 9 July when she departed from Emden, destined for operations off Ireland. U-69{{'}}s position report at 02:30 on 11 July reported that she was {{convert|35|nmi}} south of Lindesnes, Norway, and was the last known contact with U-69. According to author Dwight Messimer, two British sources report that {{HMS|Patriot|1916|6}} sank U-69 at position {{coord|60|25|N|1|32|E}} on 12 July. An observer in a kite balloon deployed by Patriot spotted a surfaced U-boat at 07:00. The U-boat submerged and Patriot hunted the submarine until noon, when it loosed two depth charges that brought thick brown oil to the surface. A postwar study by Germany cast doubt on whether or not the submarine attacked by Patriot was U-69. Officially, her fate remains unknown.[14]Summary of raiding history
Notes1. ^1 2 3 Gardiner, p. 177. 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite Uboat.net|name=U 69|id=69|type=1sub|accessdate=9 December 2008}} 3. ^{{cite Uboat.net|id=408|name=Ernst Wilhelms (Royal House of Hohenzollern)|type=1comm|accessdate=13 January 2015}} 4. ^Gardiner, p. 340. 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 Gardiner, p. 343. 6. ^The U-3-class submarines, however, were less than half the displacement and nearly {{convert|90|ft|m}} shorter than the U-7 design. See: Gardiner, pp. 342–43. 7. ^Guðmundur Helgason. WWI U-boats: U 66, WWI U-boats: U 67, WWI U-boats: U 68, WWI U-boats: U 69, WWI U-boats: U 70. U-Boat War in World War I. Uboat.net. Retrieved on 9 December 2008. 8. ^The Austro-Hungarian Navy's Germaniawerft-built U-3 class boats had been towed from Kiel to Pola via Gibraltar in 1909. See: Sieche, p. 19. 9. ^In April 1915, just five months later, the German {{SMU|U-21|Germany|2}} successfully entered the Mediterranean through the Straits of Gibraltar, proving that delivery would have been possible after all. See: Gardiner, p. 343. 10. ^Tarrant, p. 34. 11. ^1 {{cite Uboat.net|name=U 69|id=u69|type=1boat|accessdate=9 December 2008}} 12. ^{{cite Uboat.net|name=Avenger|id=577|type=1ship|accessdate=9 December 2008}} 13. ^Hepper, p. 93. 14. ^Messimer, p. 88. References{{Reflist}}Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}
External links
|id=69 |name=U 69 |type=1sub }}
9 : German Type U 66 submarines|U-boats commissioned in 1915|Maritime incidents in 1917|U-boats sunk in 1917|World War I submarines of Germany|World War I shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean|1915 ships|Ships built in Kiel|Missing U-boats of World War I |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。