| 词条 | Elizabeth MacDonough |
| 释义 |
|name = Elizabeth MacDonough |image = Elizabethmacdonough.png |office = Parliamentarian of the United States Senate |term_start = February 2, 2012 |term_end = |predecessor = Alan Frumin |successor = |birth_name = Elizabeth Coss MacDonough |birth_date = {{birth based on age as of date|45|2012|2|6}} |birth_place = |death_date = |death_place = |education = George Washington University {{small|(BA)}} Vermont Law School {{small|(JD)}} }}Elizabeth MacDonough is an American lawyer and the Parliamentarian of the United States Senate since 2012. She is the first woman to hold the position.[1][1] Early lifeMacDonough grew up near Washington DC, graduating from Greens Farms Academy in 1984[2] and earning her BA from George Washington University in 1988.[3][1] CareerMacDonough began her career in 1990 as a legislative reference assistant in the Senate library and later as assistant morning business editor to the Congressional Record.[4] She left in 1995 to attend Vermont Law School, graduating with a JD in 1998.[3][5] During law school, MacDonough interned with Judge Royce C. Lamberth (United States District Court for the District of Columbia) and the Immigration and Naturalization Service in Burlington, Vermont.[3] After graduating, she worked as a trial attorney for the United States Department of Justice handling immigration cases in New Jersey.[4] MacDonough joined the office of the Senate Parliamentarian in May 1999 as an assistant parliamentarian and was promoted to senior assistant parliamentarian in 2002.[3][6] She advised then-Vice President Albert Gore on the procedure for counting ballots following Bush v. Gore.[3] At her appointment to Parliamentarian in 2012, she was praised by outgoing Parliamentarian Alan Frumin as "down-to-earth," describing her personal knowledge of Capitol staffers; and by Senator Richard Shelby (R-AL) as "smart, diligent ... and she's got integrity."[4] Sen. John Thune (R-SD) said "she's very steeped in the traditions of the Senate and understand how it works here" and Sen. Mark Warner (D-VA) said he had "no question about her ability to read the rules and make the right decisions."[7] During the 2015 congressional effort to partially repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), MacDonough ruled the provision that would roll back the Independent Payment Advisory Board disqualified the 2015 package from consideration as a reconciliation bill in the Senate under the Byrd Rule, which requires that reconciliation bills must have a budgetary effect. Rather than the simple, filibuster-free 51-vote majority required to pass a reconciliation bill, the 2015 package would require a 60-vote threshold to pass in the Senate, which effectively killed the legislation in the Senate, as Republicans did not hold the requisite votes.[8][9] Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) commented MacDonough should be fired or ignored, although since the procedural rulings are officially made by the president of the Senate (in 2015, it was then-Vice President Joe Biden), firing MacDonough would have made no difference, and Sen. John Cornyn (R-TX), the senior senator from Texas, dismissed Cruz's comments, saying ousting MacDonough would be "like firing the judge if you disagree with his ruling."[10] During the passage of the Tax Cut and Job Acts of 2017 MacDonough ruled the repeal of the Johnson Amendment, which limits the political speech of churches, could not be included in the bill.[11] In January, 2017, Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) said that MacDonough would be the person to "watch" in the Senate, because budget reconciliation would likely again be the tool used to pass amendments to the Affordable Care Act.[12][13] In 2017, MacDonough read the language of Senate Rule 19 to freshman Senator Steve Daines (R-MT), which Daines carefully repeated while censuring Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA).[14] MacDonough speaks publicly only once a year, to address the United States Senate Youth Program.[15] References1. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/31/politics/senate-female-parliamentarian/|publisher=CNN|title=Senate welcomes first female parliamentarian|first=Ted|last=Barrett|date=January 31, 2012|accessdate=April 12, 2014}} {{DEFAULTSORT:MacDonough, Elizabeth}}2. ^{{cite magazine |url=https://issuu.com/greensfarmsacademy/docs/gfa_fall013 |title=Distinguished Alumni Award |author= |date=Fall 2013 |magazine=GFA Magazine |publisher=GFA Office of Advancement |accessdate=17 February 2017 |page=20}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.vermontlaw.edu/Career_Paths/Alumni_Profiles/Elizabeth_MacDonough.htm |publisher=Vermont Law School |title=Alumni Profiles (Elizabeth MacDonough) |accessdate=April 12, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211162310/http://vermontlaw.edu/Career_Paths/Alumni_Profiles/Elizabeth_MacDonough.htm |deadurl=yes |archivedate=11 February 2009}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2012/02/new-parliamentarians-a-pistol-072526 |title=New parliamentarian's 'a pistol' |author=Rogers, David |date=6 February 2012 |publisher=Politico |accessdate=17 February 2017}} 5. ^{{cite journal |url=https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/1995/08/05/senate-section/article/S11602-2 |title=Best wishes to Elizabeth MacDonough |author1=Dole, Bob |author1-link=Bob Dole |author2=Daschle, Tom |author2-link=Tom Daschle |journal=Congressional Record |date=5 August 1995 |volume=141 |number=130 |page=S11602 |accessdate=17 February 2017}} 6. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.rollcall.com/news/senate_first_female_parliamentarian_alan_frumin_elizabeth_macdonough-211955-1.html |title=Senate Will See First Female Parliamentarian |author=Tummarello, Kate |date=30 January 2012 |newspaper=Roll Call |accessdate=17 February 2017}} 7. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/senate-parliamentarian-elizabeth-macdonough-obamacare-114274 |title=Obamacare's little secret |author=Haberkorn, Jennifer |date=14 January 2015 |newspaper=Politico |accessdate=17 February 2017}} 8. ^{{cite news |url=http://dailysignal.com/2015/10/20/senate-parliamentarian-house-partial-obamacare-repeal-dead-on-arrival-in-senate/ |title=Senate Parliamentarian: House Partial Obamacare Repeal Dead-on-Arrival in Senate |author=Quinn, Melissa |date=20 October 2015 |newspaper=The Daily Signal |accessdate=17 February 2017}} 9. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/13/us/senate-rules-entangle-bid-to-repeal-health-care-law.html |title=Senate Rules Entangle Bid to Repeal Health Care Law |author=Pear, Robert |date=12 November 2015 |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=17 February 2017}} 10. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.rollcall.com/news/obamacare-ted-cruz-parliamentarian |title=Cruz: Senate Umpire Works for Us |author=Lesniewski, Niels |date=22 October 2015 |newspaper=Roll Call |accessdate=17 February 2017}} 11. ^https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2017/december/johnson-amendment-repeal-blocked-final-gop-tax-bill-byrd.html 12. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/chief-senate-parliamentarian-will-play-crucial-role-in-health-care-legislation-1484579477 |title=Chief Senate Parliamentarian Will Play Crucial Role in Health Care Legislation |author=Peterson, Kristina |date=16 January 2017 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |accessdate=17 February 2017}}{{subreq}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://yalejreg.com/nc/why-elizabeth-macdonough-will-be-the-most-powerful-person-in-america-by-sam-wice/ |title=Why Elizabeth MacDonough Will Be the Most Powerful Person in America |author=Wice, Sam |date=30 November 2016 |website=Notice & Comment [blog] |publisher=Yale Journal on Regulation |accessdate=17 February 2017}} 14. ^{{cite news |url=http://billingsgazette.com/news/daines-stands-by-decision-to-gavel-down-warren/article_df41fd1b-c7af-5a4b-b3ed-d3fb54cceff6.html |title=Daines stands by decision to gavel down Warren |author=Lutey, Tom |date=8 February 2017 |newspaper=Billings Gazette |accessdate=17 February 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://ussenateyouth.org/senate-officers-often-behind-the-scenes-play-starring-roles-in-ussyp/ |title=Senate officers, often behind the scenes, play starring roles in USSYP |author= |date=5 October 2014 |website=United States Senate Youth Program |accessdate=17 February 2017}} 5 : 1960s births|George Washington University alumni|Living people|Parliamentarians of the United States Senate|Vermont Law School alumni |
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