| 词条 | SM U-73 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
SM U-73 was one of 329 submarines serving in the Imperial German Navy in World War I. She engaged in the commerce war as part of the First Battle of the Atlantic. U-73 has the distinction of being responsible for sinking the largest ship sunk in World War I, the 48,758 ton hospital ship Britannic, shortly after she laid the mine which Britannic struck.[7]OperationsAfter completion at Danzig in November 1915, U-73 was commissioned by Kapitänleutnant Gustav Sieß.[6] She joined the Kiel School, where she remained until February 1916, conducting trials and crew training. She then left for the North Sea and was attached to the 1st Half Flotilla. Her activities were monitored throughout the war by Room 40, and most of her recorded movements are based on that information.[8] Her first operational cruise began 1 April 1916, when she left Heligoland Bight, bound for the Mediterranean by way of the North Sea. En route, she attacked one steamer in the Atlantic and laid mines off Lisbon and Malta. On 27 April 1916 she laid a minefield of 22 mines outside the Grand Harbour of Valletta in which four ships were sunk: the battleship {{HMS|Russell|1901|6}}, the sloop {{HMS|Nasturtium|1915|2}}; HMT Crownsin sunk 4 May 1916 with the loss of 11 men,[National Archives] [ Wreck.eu] and the yacht HMY Aegusa.[9] On arriving Cattaro on about 1 May (the date is uncertain), U-73 joined the Pola-Cattaro Flotilla. The minelaying cruises of U-73 in the Mediterranean cannot be reconstructed. The battleship HMS Russell hit two of the mines and sank. On 7 October 1916 she is reported to have left Pola in Croatia, and the French put down to her the mine sunk off Cape Male on 12 October, as well as a minefield in the Gulf of Salonika, and mines in the Gulf of Athens on which two Greek ships were blown up. It seems certain U-73, still commanded by Sieß,[6] laid the mine by which the hospital ship HMHS Britannic (currently the largest passenger ship resting on the seafloor and the largest ship sunk during World War I) was lost, only one hour after U-73 laid the mine.[10] It is possible the hospital ship HMHS Braemar Castle was also damaged by one of her mines. U-73 suffered from constant machinery trouble in common with her class. At the end of October 1918, now in the hands of Kptlt. Fritz Saupe,[6] she was scuttled at Pola in Croatia. Summary of raiding history
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite Uboat.net|id=326|name=Gustav Sieß|type=1comm |accessdate=24 December 2014}} 2. ^{{cite Uboat.net|id=378|name=Ernst von Voigt|type=1comm |accessdate=24 December 2014}} 3. ^{{cite Uboat.net|id=203|name=Karl Meusel|type=1comm|accessdate=24 December 2014}} 4. ^{{cite Uboat.net|id=40|name=Carl Bünte|type=1comm |accessdate=24 December 2014}} 5. ^{{cite Uboat.net|id=285|name=Fritz Saupe|type=1comm|accessdate=24 December 2014}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite Uboat.net|id=73|name=U 73|type=1sub|accessdate=24 December 2014}} 7. ^{{cite Uboat.net|id=6696|name=Britannic|type=1ship|accessdate=24 December 2014}} 8. ^National Archives, Kew: HW 7/3 9. ^{{cite web|title=HMS Nasturtium (Flower Class Sloop - Arabis Type)|url=http://www.divesubway.com/nasturtium.html|website=Subway Dive Centre|accessdate=29 August 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822185045/http://divesubway.com/nasturtium.html|archivedate=22 August 2014|df=dmy-all}} 10. ^{{cite web|last1=Spencer|first1=Carl|title=Interview with Carl Spencer (Leader 2003 Britannic Expedition)|url=http://www.hospitalshipbritannic.com:80/cs_interview.htm|website=Hopital Ship Britannic|accessdate=4 February 2018}} 11. ^Merchant ship tonnages are in gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement. 12. ^{{cite Uboat.net|id=u73|name=U 73|type=1boat|accessdate=24 December 2014}} Citations{{reflist}}Bibliography
|last1=Gröner |first1=Erich |author-link1= |author-mask1= |last2=Jung |first2=Dieter |display-authors= |last-author-amp= |last3=Maass |first3=Martin |translator-last1=Thomas |translator-first1=Keith |translator-last2=Magowan |translator-first2=Rachel |year=1991 |title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels |volume=2 |work=German Warships 1815–1945 |location=London |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |isbn=0-85177-593-4 |ref=CITEREFGr.C3.B6ner1991 }}{{German Type UE I submarines}}{{October 1918 shipwrecks}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}{{DEFAULTSORT:U0073}} 10 : World War I submarines of Germany|Atlantic operations of World War I|North Sea operations of World War I|Mediterranean naval operations of World War I|1915 ships|U-boats commissioned in 1916|Ships built in Kiel|U-boats scuttled in 1918|Maritime incidents in 1918|German Type UE I submarines |
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