| 词条 | Southern Command (United Kingdom) | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|unit_name=Southern Command |image=Southern Command (United Kingdom) Badge.jpg |caption= |country={{UK}} |type=Command |branch= British Army |dates=1793–1972 |specialization= |command_structure= |size= 62,000 troops |current_commander= |garrison=Portsmouth (1793-1901) Tidworth Camp (1901-1949) Fugglestone St Peter (1949-1972) |battles= |notable_commanders= }} Southern Command was a Command of the British Army. Nineteenth centuryGreat Britain was divided into military districts on the outbreak of war with France in 1793.[1] By the 1830s the command included the counties of Kent and Sussex (the original Southern District during the Napoleonic Wars) as well as Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire (the original South Inland District) and Hampshire, Wiltshire and Dorset (the original South-West District) and Gloucestershire, Worcestershire and Herefordshire (the original Severn District).[2] The role of South-West District Commander, which was doubled hatted with that of Lieutenant-Governor of Portsmouth, was originally based at Government House in Grand Parade in Portsmouth.[3] This building became very dilapidated and a new Government House was established in the High Street in Portsmouth in 1826.[4][5] In January 1876 a ‘Mobilization Scheme for the forces in Great Britain and Ireland’ was published, with the ‘Active Army’ divided into eight army corps based on the District Commands. 5th Corps was to be formed within Southern Command, based at Salisbury. This scheme disappeared in 1881, when the districts were retitled ‘District Commands.[6] A third Government House, which was built in red brick on Cambridge Road in Portsmouth, was completed in 1882.[3] Twentieth centuryThe 1901 Army Estimates introduced by St John Brodrick allowed for six army corps based on six regional commands. As outlined in a paper published in 1903, II Corps was to be formed in a reconstituted Southern Command, with HQ at Salisbury Plain.[7] Lieutenant General Sir Evelyn Wood was appointed acting General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOCinC) of Southern Command on 1 October 1901.[8] Southern Command was initially based at Tidworth Camp.[9] First World WarAt the end of 1914, Lieutenant General Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien, the GOCinC, left Southern Command to form II Corps in France, and Lieutenant General William Campbell was placed in command.[10] Second World WarIn 1939 regular troops reporting to Southern Command included 1st Armoured Division, based at Andover, and 3rd Infantry Division, based at Bulford.[11] Other Regular Troops reporting to Southern Command at war time included:[11]
Post WarThe command moved to Erskine Barracks near Fugglestone St Peter in Wiltshire in 1949.[12][13] It was merged into HQ UK Land Forces (HQ UKLF) in 1972.[14] Formation sign variantsSouthern Command, in common with other UK Commands, used its formation sign as a badge, (or flash) on uniforms. The HQ sign itself (see top of this article) with its horizontal Red, Black, Red background colouring indicated an army level command, on which were five stars of the Southern Cross. Uniquely in Southern Command the background colour of the shield, and occasionally the stars, was changed to show the colours of the service corps of the personnel, other commands used their formation sign with an arm of service stripe ({{convert|1/4|inch|cm}} thick) below it. The various designs and changes for visibility or similarity are shown below.[15] General Officers Commanding-in-ChiefGOCs and GOCinCs have included:[16][17][18]
In 1901 Second Army Corps was formed, with South East District at Dover, Southern District at Portsmouth and Western District at Devonport under command.
References1. ^Robert Burnham and Ron McGuigan, The British Army Against Napoleon: Facts, Lists and Trivia, 1805–1815 (2010) [https://books.google.com/books?id=-wGSAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 p. 7]. 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQQ-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA363&lpg=PA363&dq=%22South+Inland+District%22&source=bl&ots=KEyEnYxbOL&sig=lifQ0nqcUsx0o7yMh-bdx-IPGM0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiMk6e_udzJAhXCWRoKHbUYCv8Q6AEIJDAB#v=onepage&q=%22South%20Inland%20District%22&f=false|title=The political state of the British empire: Containing a General View of the Domestic and Foreign Possessions of the Crown; the Laws, Commerce, Revenues, Offices, and Other Establishments, Civil and Military| volume= 2|page=363|first=John |last=Adolphus|year=1818|publisher=University of Michigan Library}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8O9DBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30&lpg=PA30&dq=Government+House+High+Street+Portsmouth&source=bl&ots=M6Z8b5NQO3&sig=kla86gaCsqz7kyUxxbdsvF-Qxh8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiBuYf-zdnJAhVD2RoKHRi-As44ChDoAQgyMAI#v=onepage&q=Government%20House%20High%20Street%20Portsmouth&f=false|title=Portsmouth in the Great War|first=Sarah |last=Quail|publisher=Pen & Sword|year=2014|isbn=978-1783462766}} 4. ^Smythies, p. 442 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.portsmouth.gov.uk/ext/documents-external/lib-portsmouthencyclopaedia-2011.pdf|title=Saxe Weimar Road|page=316|publisher=Portsmouth Encyclopaedia|accessdate=22 November 2015}} 6. ^Army List 1876–1881. 7. ^Col John K. Dunlop, The Development of the British Army 1899–1914, London: Methuen, 1938. 8. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=A command for Sir Evelyn Wood|day_of_week=Thursday |date=5 September 1901 |page_number=4 |issue=36552| }} 9. ^General Sir Ian Hamilton at the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lhcma/locreg/CAMPBELL19.shtml |title=William Campbell|publisher=Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives}} 11. ^1 Patriot Files 12. ^'Fugglestone St Peter', in A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 6 (1962), pp. 37-50 online 13. ^Subterranea Britannica 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/written_answers/1970/dec/17/army-command-structure-united-kingdom|title=Army Command Structure (United Kingdom)|publisher=Hansard|date=17 December 1970|accessdate=15 December 2015}} 15. ^Cole p. 18 16. ^Whitaker's Almanacks 1905 - 1972 17. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20060222151739/http://www.regiments.org/formations/uk-cmdarmy/uk-c-so.htm Southern Command at Regiments.org] 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gulabin.com/armynavy/pdf/Army%20Commands%201860-.pdf|title=Army Commands|accessdate=21 November 2015}} 19. ^Henry Colburn, The United Service Magazine, vol. 29 (1839) [https://books.google.com/books?id=69gRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA111 p. 111]. 20. ^{{cite ODNB|title=Wood, Sir (Henry) Evelyn (1838–1919), army officer|id=37000}} Sources
1 : Commands of the British Army |
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