| 词条 | Angoon, Alaska |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Angoon, Alaska |settlement_type = City |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = |pushpin_map = Alaska |pushpin_label = Angoon |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Alaska |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Alaska |subdivision_type2 = Census Area |subdivision_name2 = Hoonah-Angoon |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Albert H. Howard[1] |leader_title1 = State senator |leader_name1 = Bert Stedman (R) |leader_title2 = State rep. |leader_name2 = Jonathan Kreiss-Tomkins (D) |established_title = Incorporated |established_date = May 7, 1963[2] |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |area_magnitude = |area_total_sq_mi = 38.77 |area_total_km2 = 100.41 |area_land_sq_mi = 24.41 |area_land_km2 = 63.22 |area_water_sq_mi = 14.36 |area_water_km2 = 37.19 |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |population_as_of = 2010 |population_note = |population_footnotes = [3] |population_total = 459 |population_metro = |population_urban = |population_density_km2 = 4.42 |population_density_sq_mi = 11.45 |timezone = Alaska |utc_offset = -9 |timezone_DST = Alaska |utc_offset_DST = -8 |coordinates = {{coord|57|29|49|N|134|34|25|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = 7 |elevation_ft = 23 |website = |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 99820 |area_code = 907 |area_code_type = Area code |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 02-03440 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = {{Gnis4|1420113}} |footnotes = |pop_est_as_of = 2016 |pop_est_footnotes = [4] |population_est = 444 |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = [3] }} Angoon (sometimes formerly spelled Angun) (Tlingit: Aangoon) is a city on Admiralty Island in Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 572; by the 2010 census the population had declined to 459.[4] The name in Tlingit, Aangóon, means roughly "isthmus town." HistoryAdmiralty Island has long been the home of the Kootznoowoo Tlingit group, or Xootsnoowú Ḵwáan in Tlingit. Kootznoowoo means "fortress of brown bears", literally xoots-noow-ú "brown.bear-fortress-possessive".[5] Angoon has a less-rainy climate than most of southeastern Alaska and was valued by the Tlingit for that reason. During the Russian period in Alaska, from the 18th century to the mid-19th century, fur trading was a major economic activity in the area. In 1878, after the 1867 Alaska Purchase, the North West Trading Company established a trading post and whaling station on nearby Killisnoo Island and employed Angoon villagers to hunt whales. Whaling, a school, and a Russian Orthodox church attracted many Tlingits to neighboring Killisnoo. In October 1882 of the village was destroyed in the Angoon Bombardment by US Naval forces under the command Commander Edgar C. Merriman and the USRC Thomas Corwin under the command of Michael A. Healy. The Tlingit villagers had taken white hostages and property and demanded two hundred blankets in compensation from the North West Trading Company following the accidental death of a Tlingit shaman who died in a whaling bomb accident while working on the whaler. The hostages were released upon the arrival of the naval expedition to Angoon, however Merriman demanded four hundred blankets in tribute and upon the Tlingit delivery of just eighty one blankets, Merriman's forces destroyed the village.[6][7] After a short time, the North West Trading Company switched to herring processing. During this time, many Tlingits moved to Killisnoo for employment at the fish plant. In 1928, Killisnoo was destroyed by fire and many Tlingits returned to Angoon. In 1973, Angoon won a U.S. $90,000 settlement from the United States government for the 1882 bombardment. GeographyAngoon is located on the west side of Admiralty Island at {{Coord|57|29|49|N|134|34|25|W|type:city}} (57.496891, -134.573579).[8] It is the largest permanent settlement on Admiralty Island and is sited on an isthmus at the mouth of Kootznahoo Inlet on the west side of the island. It is {{convert|60|mi}} southwest of Juneau. The only other community on the island is Cube Cove, to the north. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|100.4|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|63.2|km2|order=flip}} are land and {{convert|37.2|km2|order=flip}}, or 37.04%, are water.[4] ClimateIn the original Köppen classification the climate is Cfb, oceanic or still Dfb, humid continental by the 0 °C isotherm. Its climate moderately tempered by a hot current is only slightly more extreme than the north of Scotland.[9] {{Weather box|location = Angoon |single line = Y | Jan record high F = 57 | Feb record high F = 57 | Mar record high F = 58 | Apr record high F = 64 | May record high F = 71 | Jun record high F = 80 | Jul record high F = 82 | Aug record high F = 77 | Sep record high F = 75 | Oct record high F = 62 | Nov record high F = 57 | Dec record high F = 50 | year record high F = 82 | Jan high F = 31.9 | Feb high F = 36.8 | Mar high F = 40.9 | Apr high F = 47.1 | May high F = 53.4 | Jun high F = 58.8 | Jul high F = 62 | Aug high F = 61.5 | Sep high F = 56.6 | Oct high F = 48.4 | Nov high F = 39.9 | Dec high F = 34.3 | year high F = 47.6 | Jan low F = 23.5 | Feb low F = 27.1 | Mar low F = 29.7 | Apr low F = 33.9 | May low F = 39.8 | Jun low F = 45.6 | Jul low F = 49.8 | Aug low F = 49.8 | Sep low F = 45.2 | Oct low F = 39.1 | Nov low F = 32.3 | Dec low F = 27.3 | year low F = 36.9 | Jan record low F = -3 | Feb record low F = -7 | Mar record low F = 0 | Apr record low F = 20 | May record low F = 29 | Jun record low F = 36 | Jul record low F = 40 | Aug record low F = 40 | Sep record low F = 30 | Oct record low F = 16 | Nov record low F = -2 | Dec record low F = -6 | year record low F = -7 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation inch = 3.39 | Feb precipitation inch = 2.7 | Mar precipitation inch = 2.42 | Apr precipitation inch = 2.21 | May precipitation inch = 1.92 | Jun precipitation inch = 1.9 | Jul precipitation inch = 2.26 | Aug precipitation inch = 3.76 | Sep precipitation inch = 4.89 | Oct precipitation inch = 7.71 | Nov precipitation inch = 4.79 | Dec precipitation inch = 4.04 | year precipitation inch = 42 | Jan precipitation days = 17 | Feb precipitation days = 16 | Mar precipitation days = 16 | Apr precipitation days = 15 | May precipitation days = 16 | Jun precipitation days = 15 | Jul precipitation days = 13 | Aug precipitation days = 15 | Sep precipitation days = 18 | Oct precipitation days = 23 | Nov precipitation days = 20 | Dec precipitation days = 21 | Jan snow inch = 16.6 | Feb snow inch = 12.7 | Mar snow inch = 8.1 | Apr snow inch = 2 | May snow inch = 0 | Jun snow inch = 0 | Jul snow inch = 0 | Aug snow inch = 0 | Sep snow inch = 0 | Oct snow inch = 0.3 | Nov snow inch = 6 | Dec snow inch = 15.4 | year snow inch = 61.2 |source 1 = WRCC[10] |date=November 2015 }} Demographics{{US Census population|1880= 420 |1890= 381 |1920= 114 |1930= 319 |1940= 342 |1950= 429 |1960= 395 |1970= 400 |1980= 465 |1990= 638 |2000= 572 |2010= 459 |estyear=2016 |estimate=444 |estref=[11] |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[12] }} Angoon first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as the native village of "Augoon" with 420 residents, all members of the Tlingit tribe. The area returned as "Hoochinoo" (AKA Kootznahoo) in 1890.[13][14] Angoon did not appear again on the census until 1920. As of the census[15] of 2000, there were 572 people, 184 households, and 138 families residing in the city. The population density was 25.4 people per square mile (9.8/km²). There were 221 housing units at an average density of 9.8 per square mile (3.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 81.99% Native American, 11.36% White, 5.42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, 0.52% Black or African American, 0.17% Asian, 1.40% from other races, and 4.55% from two or more races. There were 184 households out of which 42.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 17.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 2.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.11 and the average family size was 3.64. In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 34.8% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 6.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $29,861, and the median income for a family was $31,429. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $30,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,357. About 27.0% of families and 27.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.1% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over. GovernmentAngoon is a second-class city, and uses a Mayor-Council form of government. Pauline Jim is the Mayor. EconomyFishing and fish processing are the mainstays of the economy at Angoon now. Angoon is looking into non-diesel electric power generation to reduce local electric bills. Angoon was listed by Sunset magazine as one of the "Top 100 Best Honeymoon Spots" in July 2009. EducationChatham School District operates two schools:[16]
References1. ^{{Cite news|last1=Jenkins|first1=Elizabeth|title=Without ferry service, a Southeast village considers $18 gallon of milk|url=http://www.ktoo.org/2016/02/28/xxferry-angoon|accessdate=March 1, 2016|work=KTOO News|publisher=KTOO Public Media|location=Juneau|date=February 28, 2016}} 2. ^{{cite book|title=1996 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory|location=Juneau|publisher=Alaska Municipal League/Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs|date=January 1996|page=26}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_02.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Jun 22, 2017}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US0203440| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Angoon city, Alaska| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| accessdate=April 17, 2017}} 5. ^De Laguna, Frederica. (1960). The story of a Tlingit community: A problem in the relationship between archeological, ethnological, and historical methods. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 172. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office. 6. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=EHe_Ez7JXY4C&pg=PA229&lpg=PA229&dq=angoon+merriman&source=bl&ots=eUstAiynXj&sig=VrVKkm2_HtyemgJvsx5w2APUGzY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjNt9y4iYnXAhULLsAKHZsPBOAQ6AEIXDAJ#v=onepage&q=angoon%20merriman&f=false Crow Dog's Case: American Indian Sovereignty, Tribal Law, and United States Law in the Nineteenth Century], Sidney L. Harring, pages 228-230 7. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=IK6NCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA307&dq=angoon+1882&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=angoon%201882&f=false The Oxford Handbook of American Indian History], Frederick E. Hoxie, pages 307-8 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://en.climate-data.org/north-america/united-states-of-america/alaska/angoon-124364/|title=Angoon climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Angoon weather averages - Climate-Data.org|website=en.climate-data.org|access-date=2019-03-04}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ak9919 |title=ANGOON (500310) |accessdate=November 18, 2015 |publisher=WRCC }} 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html |title=Census of Population and Housing |publisher=Census.gov |accessdate=June 4, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html |archivedate=May 12, 2015 |df= }} 13. ^https://books.google.com/books?id=CRcwAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA164&lpg=RA2-PA164&dq=%22Annovokhamiut%22&source=bl&ots=3jqomx9q3R&sig=TsX_fqmmkfgJwWTn-gBdhSHbcJU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiQ35-3gNDUAhXmx4MKHXCqCBoQ6AEILzAF#v=onepage&q&f=false 14. ^http://cartweb.geography.ua.edu/lizardtech/iserv/calcrgn?cat=North%20America%20and%20United%20States&item=States\\Alaska\\\\Alaska1881b.sid&wid=1000&hei=900&props=item(Name,Description),cat(Name,Description)&style=simple/view-dhtml.xsl 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }} 16. ^"Our Schools." Chatham School District. Retrieved on February 13, 2017. Further reading
External links{{Portal|Alaska|Indigenous peoples of North America}}
5 : Cities in Alaska|Cities in Hoonah–Angoon Census Area, Alaska|Cities in Unorganized Borough, Alaska|Populated coastal places in Alaska|Pre-statehood history of Alaska |
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