| 词条 | Molodyozhnaya Station (Antarctica) |
| 释义 |
| name = Molodyozhnaya Station | native_name = Молодёжная | native_name_lang = ru | settlement_type = Antarctic station | image_skyline = Molodyozhnaya Station.jpg | imagesize = 300px | image_caption = Molodyozhnaya Station | image_flag = | flag_size = 110px | flag_border = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | mapsize = 350px | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Antarctica | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Location of Molodyozhnaya Station in Antarctica | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Molodyozhnaya Station in Antarctica | coordinates = {{coord|67.665348|S|45.838400|E|format=dms|region:AQ|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|Soviet Union}} {{flagcountry|Russia}} | subdivision_type1 = Location in Antarctica | subdivision_name1 = Thala Hills East Antarctica | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Administered by | subdivision_name3 = Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute | established_title = Established | established_date = {{start date|1962|02|df=y}} reopened {{start date|2006|df=y}} | extinct_title = Closed | extinct_date = {{end date|1990|12|26|df=y}} | blank_name_sec1 = Type | blank_info_sec1 = All-year round | blank1_name_sec1 = Period | blank1_info_sec1 = Annual | blank2_name_sec1 = Status | blank2_info_sec1 = Closed and reopened as seasonally | blank_name_sec2 = | blank_info_sec2 = | named_for = | founder = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 42 | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = {{unbulleted list|Up to 15}} | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_demonym = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = {{URL|http://www.aari.aq/default_en.html|www.aari.nw.ru}} | footnotes = }}Molodyozhnaya ({{lang-ru|Молодёжная}}, "Youth") (also known as "Molodezhnaya") was a Soviet, then Russian research station in East Antarctica at 67°40′S 45°50′E. After being mothballed in 1990, it was reopened in 2006 to operate on a seasonal basis.[1][2] In Russian, the station is sometimes referred to as the capital of Antarctica.{{Verify credibility|date=May 2018}}[3][4] LocationMolodyozhnaya Station is located in the Thala Hills, 500–600 meters inland from the coast on the southern shore of Alasheyev Bight in the Cosmonaut Sea, at 42 meters above sea level. The area around the station is composed mostly of rocky ridges separated by snow-covered depressions and lakes. The sea near the station is covered in pack ice for much of the year, out to a distance of as much as 100 km at the end of winter. The rise to the summit of the massive East Antarctic Ice Sheet (Dome A) begins 1.5-2.0 km from the shore. Kheis Glacier is located in 15 km east of the station, and Campbell Glacier is roughly the same distance to the southwest.[5] HistoryThe site was opened in February 1962, and used as a launch site for suborbital meteorological sounding rockets. From 25 May 1969 and 26 December 1990, 1104 M-100 model research sounding rockets were launched from Molodyozhnaya Station.[6] On 28 February 1979, the MMR06 model was launched from Molodyozhnaya. This was the only instance of this model rocket being launched from Molodyozhnaya Station.[7] Funding for meteorological research became scarce during the late 1980s, as the Soviet Union was collapsing. Launches of the M-100 abruptly ended in 1990, and the station was mothballed. In the 1990s, several scientific and environmental studies were undertaken in the area to fulfill the requirements of the Protocol for the Defence of Nature in the Antarctic Treaty System, but the station wasn't reopened. In February 2006, Valeriy Lukin, the head of the Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE), said: There are plans to open the mothballed stations Molodyozhnaya, Leningradskaya and Russkaya in the 2007-2008 season. This will bring great benefits because these stations are located in the Pacific section of Antarctica, which is poorly covered by scientific studies. Since 2006, it has operated on a seasonal basis.[1][2] When open during the Antarctic summer there is occasional amateur radio operation by station personnel. ClimateThe average temperature varies from −19 °C in the coldest months (July–August), to around 0 °C in January. {{Weather box|location = Molodyozhnaya Station (1963–1999) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |temperature colour = pastel |Jan high C = 2.4 |Feb high C = -0.9 |Mar high C = -5.2 |Apr high C = -8.7 |May high C = -11.4 |Jun high C = -13.1 |Jul high C = -14.2 |Aug high C = -15.2 |Sep high C = -14.1 |Oct high C = -9.9 |Nov high C = -3.3 |Dec high C = 1.5 |year high C = -7.7 |Jan mean C = -0.7 |Feb mean C = -4.1 |Mar mean C = -8.3 |Apr mean C = -11.7 |May mean C = -14.6 |Jun mean C = -16.2 |Jul mean C = -17.5 |Aug mean C = -18.8 |Sep mean C = -17.8 |Oct mean C = -13.6 |Nov mean C = -6.8 |Dec mean C = -1.6 |year mean C = -11.0 |Jan low C = -3.7 |Feb low C = -6.9 |Mar low C = -11.2 |Apr low C = -14.5 |May low C = -17.3 |Jun low C = -19.3 |Jul low C = −20.8 |Aug low C = -22.4 |Sep low C = -21.3 |Oct low C = -17.2 |Nov low C = -10.4 |Dec low C = -4.7 |year low C = -14.1 |precipitation colour = |Jan precipitation mm = 7.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 18.5 |Mar precipitation mm = 51.9 |Apr precipitation mm = 71.0 |May precipitation mm = 66.6 |Jun precipitation mm = 52.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 60.2 |Aug precipitation mm = 58.4 |Sep precipitation mm = 48.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 38.6 |Nov precipitation mm = 24.8 |Dec precipitation mm = 8.2 |year precipitation mm = 505.6 |Jan humidity = 63.7 |Feb humidity = 63.4 |Mar humidity = 68.8 |Apr humidity = 69.7 |May humidity = 68.4 |Jun humidity = 66.4 |Jul humidity = 68.3 |Aug humidity = 70.4 |Sep humidity = 69.5 |Oct humidity = 68.2 |Nov humidity = 65.2 |Dec humidity = 64.3 |year humidity = 67.2 |source 1 = Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute[8] |date=December 2015 }} See also{{Infobox airport| name = Molodyozhnaya | ensign = | ensign_size = | ensign_alt = | nativename = | nativename-a = | nativename-r = | image = | image-width = | image_alt = | caption = | image2 = | image2-width = | image2_alt = | caption2 = | IATA = | ICAO = | FAA = | TC = | LID = | GPS = | WMO = | type = Private | owner-oper = | owner = | operator = | city-served = Molodyozhnaya Station | location = Thala Hills | opened = | closed = | passenger_services_ceased = | hub = | focus_city = | built = | used = | commander = | occupants = | timezone = | utc = +3 | summer = | utcs = | elevation-f = 753 | elevation-m = 230 | metric-elev = | coordinates = {{coord|67.682833|S|46.134667|E|format=dms|display=inline}} | website = | image_map = | image_mapsize = | image_map_alt = | image_map_caption = | pushpin_map = Antarctica | pushpin_mapsize = 270 | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of airfield in Antarctica | pushpin_relief = | pushpin_image = | pushpin_label = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_marksize = | r1-number = | r1-length-f = 8,395 | r1-length-m = 2559 | r1-surface = Ice | metric-rwy = | h1-number = | h1-length-f = | h1-length-m = | h1-surface = | stat1-header = | stat1-data = | stat-year = | footnotes = [9] }}
References1. ^1 Беларусь в Антарктике. Зачем стране собственная полярная станция и какой она будет? | 42.TUT.BY 2. ^1 Вести.Ru: Вести с Молодежной: в Антарктиде внутри камней найдена жизнь 3. ^Сapital of Antarctica 4. ^What is the name the capital of Antarctica? 5. ^Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI): Molodezhnaya station 6. ^Encyclopedia Astronautica: Molodezhnaya 7. ^Encyclopedia Astronautica: MMR-06 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110124620/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/mmr06.htm |date=2014-01-10 }} 8. ^{{cite web| url = http://south.aari.nw.ru/data/data.asp?lang=0&station=4| title = Molodyozhnaya Station (89542)| publisher = Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute| accessdate = December 2, 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web|url = https://airportnavfinder.com/airport/AT15/ | title = Molodyozhnaya | website = Airport Nav Finder | publisher =| accessdate = October 16, 2018}} External links
8 : East Antarctica|Meteorological stations|Outposts of Antarctica|Soviet Union and the Antarctic|Russia and the Antarctic|1962 establishments in Antarctica|1990 disestablishments in Antarctica|2006 establishments in Antarctica |
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