| 词条 | The mother of parliaments (expression) |
| 释义 |
"The mother of parliaments" is a phrase coined by the British politician and reformer John Bright in a speech at Birmingham on 18 January 1865. It was a reference to England. His actual words were: "England is the mother of parliaments". This was reported in The Times on the following day.[1] The expression is often applied to the Parliament of the United Kingdom because of the adoption of the Westminster model of parliamentary democracy by many countries of the former British Empire.[2][3][4] See also
References1. ^Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, revised 4th ed, 1996, p. 141 2. ^{{cite book|title=Parliament|date=1957|publisher=CUP Archive|page=517|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CxI8AAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA517&pg=PA517#v=onepage&q&f=false|postscript=none}}; {{cite web|title=UK Politics: Talking Politics The 'Mother of Parliaments'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/96021.stm|publisher=BBC Talking Politics|accessdate=23 April 2016|date=3 June 1998|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=Full text of Obama's speech to UK parliament|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/05/25/obama.europe.speech/|work=CNN|accessdate=23 April 2016|date=25 May 2011|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=Britain and France Get Poor Marks in Democracy Ranking|url=http://m.spiegel.de/international/world/a-742957.html|work=Spiegel Online|accessdate=23 April 2016|date=2 January 2011|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=A Makeover for the Mother of Parliaments|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/12/opinion/a-makeover-for-the-mother-of-parliaments.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=23 April 2016|date=11 July 2015}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Seidle|first1=F. Leslie|last2=Docherty|first2=David C.|title=Reforming parliamentary democracy|date=2003|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|isbn=9780773525085|page=3|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=i6je60BF-3sC&pg=PA3&&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi0uK-cq6XMAhXGC8AKHaq8B-EQ6AEIMDAE#v=onepage&q&f=false}} 4. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Arjomand|editor1-first=Saïd Amir|title=Constitutionalism and political reconstruction|date=2007|publisher=Brill|isbn=9004151745|pages=92–94|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kYmmnYKEvE0C&lpg=PA93&ots=nOUN11pmfK&pg=PA94#v=onepage&q&f=false|author1=Julian Go|chapter=A Globalizing Constitutionalism?, Views from the Postcolony, 1945-2000|postscript=none}}; {{cite web|title=How the Westminster Parliamentary System was exported around the World|url=http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/features/how-the-westminster-parliamentary-system-was-exported-around-the-world|publisher=University of Cambridge|accessdate=16 December 2013|date=2 December 2013}} Further reading
8 : 1865 in England|January 1865 events|Words coined in the 1860s|19th century in Birmingham, West Midlands|England|Parliament of the United Kingdom|Quotations|Westminster system |
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