| 词条 | Mount Aso |
| 释义 |
| name = Mount Aso | native_name = 阿蘇山 | native_name_lang = ja | other_name = | photo = File:20140516阿蘇山広域.jpg | photo_caption = Central cone group of Aso caldera | elevation_m = 1592 | elevation_ref = | prominence = | prominence_ref = | map = Japan | map_caption = | map_size = 280 | label_position = | listing = | location = Kyushu, Japan | range = | coordinates = {{coord|32|53|04|N|131|06|14|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | topo = | type = Caldera complex | age = | last_eruption = October 2016 - Present | first_ascent = | easiest_route = }}{{nihongo|Mount Aso|阿蘇山|Aso-san}} is the largest active volcano in Japan, and is among the largest in the world. It stands in Aso Kujū National Park in Kumamoto Prefecture, on the island of Kyushu. Its peak is {{convert|1592|m}} above sea level. Mt. Aso has a fairly large caldera (25 kilometres (16 miles) north-south and 18 km (11 mi) east-west) with a circumference of around {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}}, although sources vary on the exact distance. GeologyThe central cone group of Aso consists of five peaks: Mt. Neko, Mt. Taka, Mt. Naka (also called Nakadake or Naka-Dake), Mt. Eboshi, and Mt. Kishima. The highest point is the summit of Mt. Taka, at 1592 m above sea level. The crater of Mt. Naka, the west side of which is accessible by road, contains an active volcano which continuously emits smoke and has occasional eruptions. Only the northernmost crater (the first crater) has been active for the last 70 years—1974, 1979, 1984–1985, 1989–1991,[1] 2009, 2011, 2015[2] and 2016.[3][4] The present Aso caldera formed as a result of four huge caldera eruptions occurring over a range of 90,000–300,000 years ago.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} The caldera, one of the largest in the world, contains the city of Aso as well as Aso Takamori-cho and South Aso-mura. The somma enclosing the caldera extends about 18 km east to west and about 25 km north to south. Viewpoints from the somma overlooking the caldera are perched upon lava formed before the volcanic activity which created the present caldera. Ejecta from the huge caldera eruption 90,800 years ago covers more than 600 km3 and roughly equals the volume of Mount Fuji; it is presumed{{by whom|date=December 2014}} that the pyroclastic flow plateau covered half of Kyushu. HistoryThe eruption which formed the present somma occurred approximately 300,000 years ago. Four large-scale eruptions (Aso 1 – 4) occurred during a period extending from 300,000 to 90,000 years ago. As large amounts of pyroclastic flow and volcanic ash were emitted from the volcanic chamber, a huge depression (caldera) was formed as the chamber collapsed. The fourth eruption (Aso 4) was the largest, with volcanic ash covering the entire Kyushu region and even extending to Yamaguchi Prefecture. Mt. Taka, Mt. Naka, Mt. Eboshi, and Mt. Kishima are cones formed following the fourth above-mentioned huge caldera eruption. Mt. Naka remains active today. It is presumed{{by whom|date=December 2014}} that Mt. Neko is older than the fourth huge caldera eruption. Aso's pyroclastic flow deposits (welded tuff) were utilized for bridge construction in the region, There are approximately 320 arched stone bridges in Kumamoto Prefecture, including the Tsujun-kyo and Reitai-kyo bridges on the Midorikawa River, which are important national cultural properties.[1] ClimateMount Aso's climate data, was taken at an elevation of {{convert|1143|m|ft}}.[5] At this elevation there is a transition between a humid subtropical climate and a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb/Dfb) with warm summers and cold winters. Precipitation is high throughout the year, and is extremely heavy in June and July with over {{convert|500|mm|in}} of rain falling in each month. {{Weather box |location = Mount Aso |collapsed = yes |single line = Y |metric first = Y |Jan high C = 0.9 |Feb high C = 2.3 |Mar high C = 6.6 |Apr high C = 12.8 |May high C = 16.6 |Jun high C = 19.3 |Jul high C = 22.3 |Aug high C = 23.3 |Sep high C = 20.2 |Oct high C = 15.1 |Nov high C = 9.1 |Dec high C = 3.8 |Jan mean C = -2.1 |Feb mean C = -1.0 |Mar mean C = 2.7 |Apr mean C = 8.8 |May mean C = 13.0 |Jun mean C = 16.3 |Jul mean C = 19.7 |Aug mean C = 20.2 |Sep mean C = 17.1 |Oct mean C = 11.6 |Nov mean C = 6.3 |Dec mean C = 0.7 |Jan low C = -5.0 |Feb low C = -4.2 |Mar low C = -0.8 |Apr low C = 5.2 |May low C = 9.5 |Jun low C = 13.6 |Jul low C = 17.5 |Aug low C = 18.0 |Sep low C = 14.5 |Oct low C = 8.5 |Nov low C = 3.1 |Dec low C = -2.3 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 106.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 132.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 205.2 |Apr precipitation mm = 268.7 |May precipitation mm = 314.9 |Jun precipitation mm = 584.9 |Jul precipitation mm = 670.3 |Aug precipitation mm = 389.4 |Sep precipitation mm = 250.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 148.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 111.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 78.3 |Jan snow cm = 36 |Feb snow cm = 28 |Mar snow cm = 12 |Apr snow cm = 1 |May snow cm = 0 |Jun snow cm = 0 |Jul snow cm = 0 |Aug snow cm = 0 |Sep snow cm = 0 |Oct snow cm = 0 |Nov snow cm = 1 |Dec snow cm = 13 |Jan humidity = 84 |Feb humidity = 84 |Mar humidity = 79 |Apr humidity = 77 |May humidity = 77 |Jun humidity = 85 |Jul humidity = 90 |Aug humidity = 88 |Sep humidity = 86 |Oct humidity = 80 |Nov humidity = 80 |Dec humidity = 83 |Jan sun = 87.3 |Feb sun = 95.0 |Mar sun = 134.7 |Apr sun = 146.7 |May sun = 156.6 |Jun sun = 109.2 |Jul sun = 113.5 |Aug sun = 138.4 |Sep sun = 119.1 |Oct sun = 146.8 |Nov sun = 121.2 |Dec sun = 101.3 |source 1 = NOAA (1961-1990) [5] |date=January 2013}} TourismRecently{{when|date=December 2014}}, the number of tourists visiting the area from Asian countries has been increasing. Previously, visitors could not drive their own vehicles up to the crater, but recently{{when|date=December 2014}} a car park was built a minute's walk away. The Mount Aso Ropeway also provides access, but it crashed on 14 April 2016. At the foot of the mountain there are also various campsites, and horse riding at Kusasenrigahama. Modern poetry has been written about the beautiful scenery at Kusasenrigahama, which has been designated a place of scenic beauty, or natural monument.{{examples|date=December 2014}} Hot springs{{Expand section|date=October 2015}}Because Mount Aso is a volcano, there are many onsen hot springs in the area. There are two hot springs within the crater that are associated with Aso Kujū National Park.References
1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/COV5/main.html|title=Cities on Volcanoes 5|work=u-tokyo.ac.jp}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/08/08/national/small-volcanic-eruption-recorded-from-mount-aso-in-kumamoto-prefecture|title=Small volcanic eruption recorded from Mount Aso in Kumamoto Prefecture|work=The Japan Times}} 3. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/04/16/national/small-eruption-seen-on-mount-aso-after-latest-quakes/|title=Small eruption seen on Mount Aso after latest quakes|date=2016-04-16|newspaper=The Japan Times Online|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763|access-date=2016-04-23}} 4. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-volcano-idUSKCN12804E |title=Japan's Mount Aso erupts, no reports of injuries |publisher=Reuters |date=2016-10-07}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/JP/47821.TXT |title = Asosan Climate Normals 1961-1990 |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate = January 6, 2013}} See also{{Portal|Japan|Mountains|Volcanoes|Geography}}
External links{{commons category|Mount Aso}}{{wikivoyage|Mount Aso}}
9 : Volcanoes of Kyushu|VEI-7 volcanoes|Active volcanoes|Subduction volcanoes|Calderas of Japan|Mountains of Kumamoto Prefecture|Complex volcanoes|Supervolcanoes|Volcanoes of Kumamoto Prefecture |
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