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词条 USS Rijndam (ID-2505)
释义

  1. History

  2. Notes

  3. References

  4. External links

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}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=United States1919}}Ship name=USS Rijndam (ID-2505)Ship builder=*Harland & Wolff Ltd.
  • Belfast, Ireland
Ship yard number=336Ship laid down=Ship launched=1901Ship christened=Ship completed=3 October 1901Ship acquired=March 1918Ship commissioned=1 May 1918Ship decommissioned=22 October 1919Ship fate=returned to owner; scrapped 1929Ship status=Ship notes=Ship badge=
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  • 2 × 1 pounders
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USS Rijndam (ID-2505) was a transport for the United States Navy during World War I. Both before and after her Navy service she was known as SS Rijndam or Ryndam as an ocean liner for the Holland America Line.

History

Rijndam was launched during 1901 by Harland & Wolff Ltd. of Belfast, Ireland, as a steel passenger liner for the Holland America Line.[1]

On 25 May 1915, Rijndam was rammed by the Norwegian-flagged fruit steamer Joseph J. Cuneo about {{convert|10|nmi|km}} south of the Nantucket Shoals. Responding to the SOS, U.S. Navy battleships {{USS|Texas|BB-35|2}}, {{USS|South Carolina|BB-26|2}}, {{USS|Louisiana|BB-19|2}}, and {{USS|Michigan|BB-27|2}}, rescued 230 passengers from the damaged liner.[2][3]

On 18 January 1916, Rijndam suffered damage when she struck a mine in the Thames Estuary during World War I.[4] American singer Alice Sjoselius was aboard, and wrote home to her family in Minnesota about the event.[5]

Interned at New York later in World War I, she was seized during March 1918 by United States Customs officials along with 88 other Dutch vessels, 31 of which entered U.S. Navy service. Rijndam was commissioned 1 May 1918 at New York for service as a troopship, with Commander John J. Hannigan in command.[1]

Rijndam departed New York 10 May 1918 on the first of six convoy voyages to Europe before the war's end,[1] accompanied by {{USS|President Lincoln|1907|2}}, {{USS|Covington|ID-1409|2}}, British troopship {{SS|Dwinsk||2}}, and Italian steamers {{SS|Caserta||2}} and {{SS|Dante Alighieri||2}}. The group rendezvoused with a similar group that left Newport News, Virginia, the same day, consisting of American transports {{USS|Lenape|ID-2700|2}}, {{USS|Pastores|ID-4540|2}}, {{USS|Wilhelmina|ID-2168|2}}, {{USS|Princess Matoika|ID-2290|2}}, {{USS|Antigone|ID-3007|2}}, and {{USS|Susquehanna|ID-3016|2}}, the British troopship {{HMT|Kursk||2}}, and the Italian {{SS|Duca d'Aosta||2}}.[6][7] American cruiser {{USS|Frederick|CA-8|2}} served as escort for the assembled ships, which were the 35th U.S. convoy of the war.[6] On 20 May, the convoy sighted and fired on a "submarine" that turned out to be a bucket; the next day escort Frederick left the convoy after being relieved by 11 destroyers. Three days later the convoy sighted land at 06:30 and anchored at Brest that afternoon.[8]

On her return journey on 31 May 1918, Rijndam was nearly torpedoed in the same attack by German submarine {{SMU|U-90||2}} that resulted in the loss of President Lincoln.[1][9] Rijndam was able to avoid the torpedoes and, shortly afterward, nearly rammed a submarine cruising at periscope depth.[1]

On her next transport voyage, Rijndam left New York on 15 June with {{USS|Kroonland|ID-1541|2}}, {{USS|Finland|ID-4543|2}}, {{USS|DeKalb|ID-3010|2}}, {{USS|George Washington|ID-3018|2}}, {{USS|Covington|ID-1409|2}}, Italian steamer {{SS|Dante Alighieri||2}}, and British steamer Vauban and met up with the Newport News portion of the convoy—which included {{USAT|Lenape||2}}, {{USS|Wilhelmina|ID-2168|2}}, {{USS|Princess Matoika|ID-2290|2}}, {{USS|Pastores|AF-16|2}}, and British troopship {{HMT|Czar||2}}—the next morning and set out for France.[10][11] The convoy was escorted by cruisers {{USS|North Carolina|ACR-12|2}} and {{USS|Frederick|CA-8|2}}, and destroyers {{USS|Stevens|DD-86|2}} and {{USS|Fairfax|DD-93|2}};[11] battleship {{USS|Texas|BB-35|2}} and several other destroyers joined in escort duties for the group for a time.[10] The convoy had a false alarm when a floating barrel was mistaken for submarine, but otherwise uneventfully arrived at Brest on the afternoon of 27 June.[11][12]

Rijndam landed troops and supplies at Brest, France, on three more occasions through November 1918, and called once at Saint-Nazaire during July. Rijndam made seven round-trip voyages from Quiberon, Saint-Nazaire, and Brest, France, following the end of World War I, returning U.S. troops and personnel to Newport News, Virginia; Norfolk, Virginia; Hoboken, New Jersey; and New York.[1]

In March 1919, Rijndam and {{USS|Princess Matoika|ID-2290|2}} raced each other from Saint-Nazaire to Newport News in a friendly competition that received national press coverage in the United States.[13][14] Rijndam, the slower ship, was just able to edge out the Matoika—and cut two days from her previous fastest crossing time—by appealing to the honor of the soldiers of the 133rd Field Artillery returning home aboard her and employing them as extra stokers for her boilers.[15]

She carried over 3,000 passengers on many of her 26 trips across the Atlantic, completing her active service upon arrival at New York 4 August 1919 from Brest. Transferred from the Cruiser and Transport Force on 11 August 1919 to the custody of the 3rd Naval District, Rijndam was decommissioned and returned to her former owner on 22 October 1919 at New York. Rijndam resumed her mercantile career under the Dutch flag, remaining active until scrapped during 1929.[1]

Notes

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite DANFS | title = Rijndam | url = http://history.navy.mil/danfs/r6/rijndam.htm | short = on }}
2. ^Ferguson
3. ^{{cite news | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/05/27/100155786.pdf | format = PDF | title = Ryndam rammed at sea | work = The New York Times | date = 1915-05-27 | accessdate = 2008-04-17 | page = 1 }}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/5119.html |title=Rijndam |publisher=Uboat.net |accessdate=16 November 2012}}
5. ^[https://archive.org/stream/feb1191602dulu#page/n5/mode/2up/search/Sjoselius "Says Ryndam Struck Mine"] Duluth Evening Herald (February 8, 1916): 6.
6. ^1 Crowell and Wilson, p. 609.
7. ^Gleaves, p. 202.
8. ^Pollard, p. 27.
9. ^{{cite DANFS | title = President Lincoln | url = http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/p11/president_lincoln.htm | date = | accessdate = 2008-04-10 | short = yes }} Dwinsk was sunk by {{SMU|U-151||2}} on her return journey as well. See: German submarine activities, p. 48.
10. ^1 Cutchins and Stewart, p. 67.
11. ^1 2 Crowell and Wilson, p. 610–11.
12. ^Cutchins and Stewart, p. 68.
13. ^{{cite news | title = Chicago troops reach U. S. after race over ocean | work = Chicago Daily Tribune | date = 1919-03-21 | page = 4 }}
14. ^{{cite news | title = "Old Hickory" boys go to Charleston | work = The Atlanta Constitution | date = 1919-03-21 | page = 10 }}
15. ^Harlow, p. 195, quoting Kent Watson from History of the 133d Regiment.

References

{{Refbegin}}
  • {{cite book | last = Crowell | first = Benedict | authorlink = Benedict Crowell |author2=Robert Forrest Wilson | title = The Road to France: The Transportation of Troops and Military Supplies, 1917–1918 | series = How America Went to War: An Account From Official Sources of the Nation's War Activities, 1917–1920 | location = New Haven | publisher = Yale University Press | year = 1921 | oclc = 18696066 }}
  • {{cite book | last = Cutchins | first = John A. |author2=George Scott Stewart, Jr. | title = History of the Twenty-ninth division, "Blue and gray," 1917-1919 | location = Philadelphia | publisher = Press of MacCalla & Co. | year = 1921 | oclc = 3260003 }}
  • {{cite book | last = Ferguson | first = John C. | title = Historic Battleship Texas: The Last Dreadnought | series = Military History of Texas #4 | year = 2007 | publisher = State House Press | location = Abilene, Texas | isbn = 1-933337-07-9 | oclc = 154678508 }}
  • {{cite book | last = Harlow | first = Rex F. | title = Trail of the 61st: A History of the 61st Field Artillery Brigade During the World War, 1917–1919 | location = Oklahoma City | publisher = Harlow Pub. Co | year = 1919 | oclc = 4227658 }}
  • {{cite DANFS | author = Naval Historical Center | title = President Lincoln | url = http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/p11/president_lincoln.htm | date = | accessdate = 2008-06-16 }}
  • {{cite DANFS | author = Naval Historical Center | title = Rijndam | url = http://history.navy.mil/danfs/r6/rijndam.htm | date = 2005-09-25 | accessdate = 2008-06-16 | link = off }}
  • {{cite book | author = Office of Naval Records | title = German submarine activities on the Atlantic coast of the United States and Canada | location = Washington, D.C. | publisher = United States Government Printing Office | year = 1920 | oclc = 2211657 }}
  • {{cite book | last = Pollard | first = James E. | title = The Forty-Seventh Infantry: A History, 1917–1918, 1919 | location = Saginaw, Michigan | publisher = Press of Seeman & Peters | year = 1919 | oclc = 3067517 }}
  • {{DANFS}}
{{Refend}}

External links

  • {{navsource|12/172505|Rijndam}}
{{Holland America Ships}}{{May 1915 shipwrecks}}{{January 1916 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Rijndam}}

11 : Ocean liners|Transports of the United States Navy|World War I auxiliary ships of the United States|Transport ships of the United States Army|Ships of the Holland America Line|Passenger ships of the Netherlands|Ships built in Belfast|1901 ships|Ships built by Harland and Wolff|Maritime incidents in 1915|Maritime incidents in 1916
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