请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 V-1 flying bomb facilities
释义

  1. Production

  2. Storage depots

  3. V-1 launch sequence

  4. V-1 launching sites

  5. Allied attacks

  6. Notes

  7. References

  8. External links

{{Infobox military structure
|name = V-1 facilities
|partof = Nazi Germany
|location = locations in France and Germany
|coordinates =
|image = V-1 1944 - Typical Ski Site.jpg
|image_size = 250px
|caption = Diagram for Maisoncelle V-1 "ski site"
|type =
|built = 1943–1945
|builder = Organisation Todt et al.
|materials =
|height =
|used = World War II
|commanders =
|battles = Operation Crossbow, Operation Aphrodite
|events =
}}

In order to carry out the planned V-1 "flying bomb" attacks on the United Kingdom, Germany built a number of military installations including launching sites and depots. Some of the installations were huge concrete fortifications.

The Allies became aware of the sites at an early stage and carried out numerous bombing raids to destroy them before they came into use.

Production

The unpiloted aircraft was assembled at the KdF-Stadt[1] Volkswagenwerke (described as "the largest pressed-steel works in Germany"[2]) near Fallersleben, at Cham/Bruns Werke,[3]{{Rp|40}}{{Verify source|verification needed as to whether the Cham factory and the Bruns Werke were the same facility (and different from the Fallersleben factory|date=January 2009}} and at the Mittelwerk, underground factory in central Germany. Production plants to modify several hundred standard V-1s to Reichenberg R-III manned aircraft were in the woods of Dannenburg and at Pulverhof, with air-launch trials at Lärz and Rechlin.[3]{{Rp|133,135}} Flight testing was performed by the Luftwaffe at Peenemünde West and, after the August 1943 Operation Hydra bombing, at Brüsterort.[3]{{Rp|27}} Launch crew training was at Zempin, and the headquarters for the operational unit, Flak-Regiment 155(W), was originally based at Saleux, near Amiens,[4][7]{{Rp|173}} but was subsequently moved {{circa|December 1943}} to a chateau near Creil ("FlakGruppeCreil"), with the unit's telephone relay station at Doullens.{{sfnp|Jones|1978|p=300e, 352, 373}}

Other V-1 production-related sites included a Barth plant which used forced labor,[5] Buchenwald (V-1 parts),[6] and Allrich in the Harz.[7]

In addition to the storage and launching sites listed below, operational facilities included the airfields for Heinkel He 111 H-22 bombers which air-launched the V-1 from low altitude over the North Sea. The ten-day-long aircrew training was at Peenemünde, and the bases were in Gilze-Rijen, Holland, for launches through 15 September 1944, and in Venlo for launches after the first week in December. Aircrews were billeted five miles away at Grossenkneten for secrecy.[3]{{Rp|126}}

Storage depots

To supply the V-1 flying bomb launch sites in the Calais region, construction began on several storage depots in August 1943. Sites at Biennais, Oisemont Neuville-au-Bois, and Saint-Martin-l'Hortier were not completed.{{Why?|date=June 2011}}[8] An RCAF Halifax pilot's logbook describes the target of his raids on "flying-bomb sites" on July 1, 4, and 5, 1944, as "Biennais #1", "Biennais #2," and "Biennais #3". This suggests that these storage sites were perhaps not completed because they were destroyed prior to completion.

The completed sites were:

  • Domléger near Abbeville – bombed on June 14 and 16,[9] and on July 4, 1944.[10]
  • Renescure near Saint-Omer – finished in November 1943, it was bombed by the USAAF on June 16, 1944 by 48 B-24s[11] and on July 2 by 21.[12][13]
  • Sautricourt near Saint-Pol (bombed June 16, 1944.)[11]

To serve the ten launch sites planned for Normandy, a depot was constructed at[8] Beauvais. It was bombed June 14, 15 and 16, 1944.[11]

A depot to serve Cherbourg launches was built near[8] Valognes.

By February/March 1944, a plan for three new underground V-1 storage sites was put into effect.[8]

The Nucourt limestone cave complex between Pontoise and Gisors was bombed on June 22, 1944 [11] with 298 V-1s buried or severely damaged.{{sfnp|Jones|1978|p=246}}

One in the Rilly-la-Montagne railway tunnel was attacked by the British with Tallboy earthquake bombs on July 31, collapsing both ends of the tunnel.[14]

The Saint-Leu-d'Esserent mushroom caves was the largest of the underground V-1 sites. It was attacked by No. 617 Squadron RAF with Tallboys on July 4.{{sfnp|Jones|1978|p=246}}[14]

A larger "Heavy Crossbow"[15] bunker was built at Siracourt, between Calais and the river Somme,[16] as a V-1 storage depot.[17]

RAF records refer to flying-bomb stores at Bois de Cassan (bombed August 2–4, 1944),[29] Forêt de Nieppe (bombed July 28, 29, 31,[10][14] August 3,4,[29] 5, 6,[10][29] 1944 and Trossy St. Maximin (bombed August 3–4, 1944[29][18][19])

V-1 launch sequence

  1. Final Assembly: After moving the V-1 from the storage area, the wings were slid/bolted over/to the tubular spar.&91;3&93;{{Rp|35}}
  2. Final Checkout: In the non-magnetic building, "compass swinging" was completed by hanging the V-1 and pointing it toward the target. The missile's external casing of 16-gauge sheet steel was beaten with a mallet until its magnetic field was suitably aligned. The automatic pilot was set with the flight altitude input (300–2500 metres) to the barometric (aneroid) height control and with the range set within the air log (journey computer).&91;3&93;{{Rp|29,35}}
  3. Hoisting: The V-1 was delivered to the launching ramp via a wooden handling trolley on rails.&91;3&93;{{Rp|34}} A wooden lifting gantry on rails was connected to the V-1 lifting lug to hoist and move it onto the launching spot at the lower end of the launching ramp.&91;3&93;{{Rp|30,34,35}}
  4. Fueling and Charging:{{Verify source|Cooksley doesn't indicate when fueling and charging were completed – one source claims the V-1 was transported to the site fully fueled|date=December 2008}} Via the tank filler cap, 1,133 lbs (140 gallons) of petrol ({{lang-de|B-Stoff}}) were added (later longer-range models held more). The twin spherical iron air bottles were charged with 900 psi air to power the automatic pilot (Steuergerät). Air at 90 psi powered the pneumatic servo-motors for the elevators and rudder.&91;3&93;{{Rp|31,37}}
  5. Catapult setup: The starter trolley with the hydrogen peroxide ({{lang-de|T-Stoff}}) and catalyst (potassium permanganate granules, Z-stoff) was connected to provide steam to the ramp's firing tube, and the steam piston was placed into the firing tube with the piston's launching lug connected to the V-1.&91;3&93;{{Rp|30,33,35,64d}}
  6. V-1 startup: While the steam-generating trolley was being connected, the Argus As 109-014 Ofenrohr pulsejet engine was started.&91;3&93;{{Rp|32,35}}
  7. Launch
  8. Post-launch: The steam piston, having separated from the V-1 at the end of the ramp during launch, was collected for re-use (the site nominally had only two pistons). Personnel in rubber boots and protective clothing used a catwalk along the ramp and washed the launching rail with brooms.&91;3&93;{{Rp|32,35}}

V-1 launching sites

V-1 launching sites in France were located in nine general areas – four of which had the ramps aligned toward London, and the remainder toward Brighton, Dover, Newhaven, Hastings, Southampton, Manchester, Portsmouth, Bristol, and Plymouth. The sites on the Cherbourg peninsula targeting Bristol and Plymouth were captured before being used, and eventually launching ramps were moved to Holland to target Antwerp (first launched on 3 March 1945 from Delft).[3]{{Rp|48,80,82,100}}

Initially the V-1 launching sites had storage buildings that were curved at the end to protect the contents against damage from air attacks. On aerial reconnaissance pictures these storage from above looked like snow skis ("ski sites"). An October 28, 1943 intelligence report regarding construction at Bois Carré near Yvrench{{sfnp|Jones|1978|p=300e}} prompted No. 170 Squadron RAF reconnaissance sortie E/463 on November 3 which detected "ski-shaped buildings 240-270 feet long."{{sfnp|Jones|1978|p=360}} By November 1943, 72 of the ski sites had been located by Allied reconnaissance,[20] and Operation Crossbow began bombing the original ski sites on December 5, 1943. Nazi Germany subsequently began constructing modified sites with limited structures that could be completed quickly, as necessary. This also allowed the modified sites to be quickly repaired after bombing. However, the work to complete a modified site before launching allowed the Allied photographic interpreters to predict on June 11, 1944 that the V-1 attacks would begin within 48 hours, and the first attacks began on June 13.[20]

Allied attacks

Notable bombings of V-1 facilities during World War II
Site "Noball"
number		Bombing date Notes
Abbeville/Amiens1943-12-22 December 22/23, 1943 51 aircraft attacked 2 flying-bomb sites between Abbeville and Amiens. One was destroyed, but the other was not located.
Abbeville/Amiens1944-08-28 August 28, 1944 The Amiens ("Wemars/Cappel") site was attacked.[21]
Abbeville (Flixecourt)1943-12-16 December 16/17, 1943 9 Avro Lancasters of No. 617 Squadron RAF attacked the "Abbeville site in a wood at Flixecourt" and dropped their 12,000 lb bombs accurately on the markers placed by the only Oboe-equipped Mosquito operating at this target. The markers were 350 yards from the target and none of the bombs were within 100 yards of the markers. No aircraft lost.[22]
Abbeville (Gorenflos)1943-12-23 December 23, 1943[8]{{Rp>171}} the 401 BG bombed the Gorenflos Noball target.
Abbeville (Gorenflos)1944-03-18 March 18, 1944[52]
Abbeville (Gorenflos)1944-04-09 April 9, 1944[23]
Abbeville (Gorenflos)1944-04-10 April 10, 1944 The 457 BG bombed the Gorenflos Noball site.[24]
Abbeville (Gorenflos) 1944-06-09 June 9, 1944[10]
Abbeville (Tilley-le-Haut)1943-12-16 December 16/17, 1943 26 Short Stirlings attacked the "Tilley-le-Haut site near Abbeville" but failed because the Pathfinder markers of the Oboe-equipped de Havilland Mosquito were no closer than 450 yards from the small target. No aircraft lost.[22]
Acque1944-07-19 July 19, 1944 6 RAF Mosquitos on a diversionary raid bombed the Scholven/Buer and Wessling synthetic oil plants, railway junctions at Aulnoye and Revigny and "a flying-bomb launching site at Acque".
[3]{{Rp>49}} 27 1943-12-22 December 22/23, 1943 The flying bomb site at Ailly was attacked without loss.
Ailly-le-Vieux-Clocher 271944-01-14 January 14/15, 1944[25]
Beauvais1944-04-24 April 24 & 25, 1944 The 397 BG bombed the Beauvoir V-1 site.
Beauvais1944-05-16 May 16, 1944{{Verify source>perhaps this was the June 16 raid?|date=May 2009}} The Normandy V-1 storage site at Beauvais was bombed.[8]
Beauvais1944-06-11 June 11, 1944 The 466 BS bombed the Beauvais V-1 storage depot.[10]
Beauvais1944-06-14 June 14, 15, & 16, 1944 The Beauvais V-1 storage depot was bombed.
Belloy-Sur-Somme1944-06-06 July 6, 1944 The 487 BG bombed the V-weapon site.
Jones|1978|p=300e}} -->1944-02-10 February 10, 1944Yorench-Bois Carre}} V-1 site"
Jones|1978|p=362}} -->1943-12-22 December 22/23, 1943 82 aircraft attacked flying bomb sites at Ailly, Bonneton and Bristillerie without loss.
Bonneton le Faubourg ski site1944-01-14 January 14/15, 1944[25]
Bristillerie1943-12-22 December 22/23, 1943 82 aircraft attacked flying bomb sites at Ailly, Bonneton and Bristillerie without loss.
Bristillerie1944-01-04 January 4/5, 1944
Bristillerie1944-01-14 January 14/15, 1944[25]
Bouillancourt1944-04-13 April 13, 1944[3]{{Rp>48}}
Creil1944-07-02 July 2, 1944 The Creil storage depot was bombed.[26]
Bois de la Justice741944-02-28 February 28, 1944 447 BG
Bois de la Justice741944-03-13 March 13, 1944 447 BG
Drionville501943-12-24 December 24, 1943 447 BG
Grand Parc 1071944-01-14 January 14, 1944 447 BG
Grand Parc 1071944-01-21 January 21, 1944 447 BG
Herbouville1944-01-27 January 27/28, 1944
Herbouville1944-01-29 January 29/30, 1944 22 Mosquitos attacked the Herbouville flying-bomb site and Duisburg.
La Briqueterie & Val-des-Joncs1944-08-02 August 2, 1944 The 487 BG bombed the V-weapon sites.
Laloge Au Pain1944-07-08 July 8, 1944 The 487 BG bombed the V-weapon site.
Ligercourt}}1944-04-16 April 16, 1944[3]{{Rp>49}}
Ligescourt1943-12-05 December 5, 1943 B-26s of the Ninth Air Force attacked three V-1 ski sites near Ligescourt-Bois de St. Saulve,[27] the first No-Ball mission.[28]
Lottinghen1944-03-13 March 13, 1944 Ninth Air Force: 40 B-26s attacked a "V-weapon site at Lottinghen/Les Grands Bois", France; 37 abort due to bad weather.
Maisoncelle[20][29]1944-06-01 June 1, 1944[10] Bomber 41-20847 attacked the Maisoncelle.[30]
Oisemont Neuville-au-Bois1944-06-20 June 20, 1944[10]
Oisemont1944-06-21 June 21, 1944
Oisemont 1944-06-23 June 23, 1944[10]
Oisemont 1944-06-30 June 30, 1944
Oisemont1944-07-01 July 1, 1944[10]
Söttevast1944-02-29 February 29/March 1, 1944flying-bomb site at {{Sic>Sottevaast}}"
Söttevast1944-03-03 March 3/4, 1944{{Sic>Sottevaast}} flying-bomb site"
Söttevast1944-05-05 May 5, 1944[10]
Saint-Martin-l'Hortier1944-06-17 June 17, 1944[10]
Saint-Martin-l'Hortier1944-06-21 June 21, 1944
Saint-Martin-l'Hortier1944-07-01 July 1, 1944

Notes

1. ^A different source{{Who|date=June 2011}} puts the Fallersleben KdF-Stadt V-1 factory in Wolfsburg; Fallersleben become a district of Wolfsburg in 1972. The Allies also bombed the Opel plant at Russelsheim in the incorrect belief that it was a V-1 plant.
2. ^{{cite book |title=New Zealanders With The Royal Air Force (Vol. II): Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–45 |date=1956 |chapterurl=http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2-2RAF-c11.html |chapter=Chapter 11 — Flying Bombs and Rockets |page=333 |location=Wellington, New Zealand |publisher=R. E. Owen |via=New Zealand Electronic Text Collection |access-date=February 16, 2019}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 {{cite book |last=Cooksley |first=Peter G. |title=Flying Bomb |year=1979 |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |location=New York |isbn=978-0-68416-284-3}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.ww2.dk/ground/flak/flargt155.html |title=Flak-Regiment 155 (W) |last=Holm |first=Michael |date=2006 |website=The Luftwaffe, 1933-45 |accessdate=February 16, 2019}}
5. ^{{cite book |last1=Aroneanu |first1=Eugène |last2=Whissen |first2=Thomas |year=1996 |title=Inside the Concentration Camps |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hNrqjiyIOhYC |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |page=148 |isbn=978-0-275-95446-8 |accessdate=April 7, 2009}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://voices.iit.edu/interview?doc=hamburgerL&display=hamburgerL_en |title=David P. Boder Interviews Ludwig Hamburger; August 26, 1946; Genève, Switzerland |website=Voices of the Holocaust |access-date=February 16, 2019}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://voices.iit.edu/interview?doc=schwarzfitterJ&display=schwarzfitterJ_en |title=David P. Boder Interviews Jacob Schwarzfitter; August 31, 1946; Tradate, Italy |website=Voices of the Holocaust |access-date=February 16, 2019}}
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book |last=Henshall |first=Philip |title=Hitler's Rocket Sites |year=1985 |publisher=St Martin's Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-31238-822-5 |pages=143, 152, 187, 209}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.web-birds.com/8th/466/missions.html |title=The 446th Bomb Group (H) Missions |website=Web-birds.com |accessdate=November 12, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705033830/http://www.web-birds.com/8th/466/missions.html |archivedate=July 5, 2008 |df= }}
10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 {{cite web |url=http://www.halifaxlv827.co.uk/466missions.htm |title=466 Squadron Missions |website=Halifaxlv827.co.uk |accessdate=January 13, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113051838/http://www.halifaxlv827.co.uk/466missions.htm |archivedate=January 13, 2009 |df= }}
11. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://usaaf.net/chron/44/jun44.htm |title=Combat Chronology of the US Army Air Forces: June 1944 |website=The United States Army Air Forces in World War II |access-date=February 16, 2019 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216134948/http://usaaf.net/chron/44/jun44.htm |archive-date=February 16, 2009}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.usaaf.net/chron/44/jul44.htm |title=Combat Chronology of the US Army Air Forces: July 1944 |website=The United States Army Air Forces in World War II |access-date=February 16, 2019 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527104023/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/44/jul44.htm |archive-date=May 27, 2013}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://tinpan.fortunecity.com/aprilskies/264/missions.html |title=Missions Flown by the 453rd BG |website=453rd Bomb Group (H) |accessdate=November 12, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215063018/http://tinpan.fortunecity.com/aprilskies/264/missions.html |archivedate=February 15, 2009 |df= }}
14. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/jul44.html |title=Bomber Command Campaign Diary: July 1944 |website=Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary |accessdate=February 16, 2019 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070706011932/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/jul44.html |archive-date=July 6, 2007}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0014%2FDSND%202%2F3 | title=Investigations of the "Heavy Crossbow" installations in Northern France |work=The Papers of Lord Duncan-Sandys |publisher=Churchill Archives Centre |date=February 1945 |accessdate=May 9, 2007}}
16. ^{{cite book |last1=Ordway |first1=Frederick I., III |last2=Sharpe |first2=Mitchell R. |title=The Rocket Team |series=Apogee Books Space Series 36 |publisher=Thomas Y. Crowell |location=New York |date=1979 |isbn=978-0-69001-656-7 |page=118}}
17. ^{{cite book |last=Irving |first=David |authorlink=David Irving |title=The Mare's Nest |year=1964 |publisher=William Kimber and Co. |location=London |pages=168, 220, 245, 246}}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gordonstooke.com/460squadron/aircraft_record.htm |title=What Happened To Your 460 Sqd. Lancaster? |last=Stooke |first=Gordon |website=460 Squadron, Royal Australian Air Force, Bomber Command |access-date=February 16, 2019}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.156squadron.com/display_missionhdr.asp?MissionId=75 |title=Mission Details, 4 August 1944 |website=156 Squadron RAF |access-date=February 16, 2019}}
20. ^1 2 {{Cite book |last=Gurney |first=Gene (Major, USAF) |year=1962 |title=The War in the Air: a pictorial history of World War II Air Forces in combat |location=New York |publisher=Bonanza Books |page=184}}
21. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/aug44.html |title=Bomber Command Campaign Diary: August 1944 |website=Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary |accessdate=February 16, 2019 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607035123/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/aug44.html |archive-date=June 7, 2007}}
22. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/dec43.html |title=Bomber Command Campaign Diary: December 1943 |website=Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary |accessdate=February 16, 2019 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728094313/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/dec43.html |archive-date=July 28, 2012}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.manitobamilitaryaviationmuseum.com/PDF/438squadron.pdf |title=No. 438 Squadron |website=Manitoba Military Aviation Museum |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314201243/http://www.manitobamilitaryaviationmuseum.com/PDF/438squadron.pdf |archive-date=March 14, 2012}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.457thbombgroup.org/KIA/KIA.HTML |title=Comrades Killed in Action |website=457th Bomb Group Association |accessdate=February 16, 2019}}
25. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/jan44.html |title=Bomber Command Campaign Diary: January 1944 |website=Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary |accessdate=February 16, 2019 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611025957/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/jan44.html |archive-date=June 11, 2007}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.edenbridgetown.com/in_the_past/bill_walters_story/aphrodite.shtml |title=Code Named "Aphrodite" |website=Edenbridge in the Past |access-date=February 16, 2019}}
27. ^{{cite web |url=http://387bg.com/ |title=387th Bombardment Group (Medium) |website=387bg.com |access-date=February 16, 2019}}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.usaaf.net/chron/43/dec43.htm |title=Combat Chronology of the US Army Air Forces: December 1943 |website=The United States Army Air Forces in World War II |access-date=February 16, 2019 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007025927/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/43/dec43.htm |archive-date=October 7, 2006}}
29. ^{{cite book |last=Bauer |first=Eddy |origyear=1972 |year=1966 |title=Illustrated World War II Encyclopedia |publisher=H. S. Stuttman Inc. |isbn=0-87475-520-4 |pages=2059, 2068 |volume=15}}
30. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |last=Baugher |first=Joseph F. |authorlink=Joe Baugher |title=1941 USAAF Serial Numbers (41-24340 – 41-30847) |url=http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/1941_4.html |website=American Bombers |accessdate=February 16, 2019 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508202509/http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/1941_4.html |archivedate=May 8, 2008 |df= }}
Other Baugher webpages cited in this article*{{cite web |url=http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/1942_3.html |title=1942 USAAF Serial Numbers (42-50027 – 42-57212) |website=American Bombers |accessdate=February 16, 2019 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201190037/http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/1942_3.html |archivedate=February 1, 2009}}*{{cite web |url=http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/1942_5.html |title=1942 USAAF Serial Numbers (42-91974 – 42-110188) |website=American Bombers |accessdate=February 16, 2019 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201094430/http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/1942_5.html |archivedate=February 1, 2009}}
31. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Bomber Command Campaign Diary

References

Citations
{{Reflist}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite book |ref=harv |last=Jones |first=R. V. |author-link=Reginald Victor Jones |date=1978 |title=Most Secret War |location=London, UK |publisher=Hamish Hamilton |isbn=0-241-89746-7}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://32ndbombsquadron.com/32ndmissns.html |title=301st Bomb Group Mission Summary of the 32nd, 352nd, 353rd and 419th Bomb Squadrons |last=Thompson |first=Boyd |website=32nd Bomb Squadron, 1942-1945 |accessdate=February 16, 2019}}
  • {{cite web |title=2nd Lt. Donald A. Jones |url=http://www.100thbg.com/mainpages/crews/crews1/jones_da1.htm |website=100th Bomb Group (Heavy): The Bloody Hundredth |accessdate=April 7, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106212031/http://www.100thbg.com/mainpages/crews/crews1/jones_da1.htm |archivedate=January 6, 2009 |df= }}
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.303rdbg.com/missionreports/331.pdf |title=Combat Mission No. 331, 7 March 1945 |website='Hell's Angels': 303rd Bombardment Group (Heavy) |accessdate=February 16, 2019}}
  • {{cite web |url=https://384thbombgroup.com/_content/_pages/mission.php |title=Missions 1943–1945 |website=384th Bomb Group (Heavy) |accessdate=April 17, 2009}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://401bg.org/Main/History/Missions/ |title=Missions |website=401st Bombardment Group (H) Association |accessdate=February 16, 2019}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://users.cybercity.dk/~nmb5433/missions1.html |title=The Missions |website=447th Bomb Group |accessdate=March 23, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226224213/http://users.cybercity.dk/~nmb5433/missions1.html |archivedate=February 26, 2009}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.461st.org/Missions/June1944.htm |title=June 1944 Missions |website=461st Bombardment Group (H) |accessdate=February 16, 2019}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.464thbombgroup.com/sortie.htm |title=Our Missions |website=The 464th Bomb Group Association |accessdate=February 16, 2019}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.487thbg.org/missions.shtml |title=Combat Missions |website=487th Bomb Group (H) |accessdate=February 16, 2019}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.b26.com/page/pdf/596_Squadron_history_1945.pdf |title=596th Bomb Squadron History, 1945 |last=Smith |first=Michael E. |website=Martin B-26 Marauder Men |page=8 |accessdate=April 24, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306073207/http://www.b26.com/page/pdf/596_Squadron_history_1945.pdf |archive-date=March 6, 2009 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/diary.html |title=Bomber Command Campaign Diary |website=Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary |accessdate=May 24, 2007 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070706011932/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/diary.html |archive-date=July 6, 2007}}
    • 1943: [https://web.archive.org/web/20121011115432/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/aug43.html August] [https://web.archive.org/web/20120728094313/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/dec43.html December]
    • 1944: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070611025957/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/jan44.html January], [https://web.archive.org/web/20071112173933/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/feb44.html February], [https://web.archive.org/web/20060221074418/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/mar44.html March], [https://web.archive.org/web/20060221074831/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/apr44.html April], [https://web.archive.org/web/20130409100024/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/may44.html May], [https://web.archive.org/web/20070611023020/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/jun44.html June], July, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070607035123/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/aug44.html August], September, October, November, December
    • 1945: January, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130209165055/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/feb45.html February], March
  • {{cite web |last=McKillop |first=Jack |url=http://www.usaaf.net/chron/index.htm |title=Combat Chronology of the USAAF |website=USAAF.net |accessdate=May 25, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610115615/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/index.htm |archivedate=June 10, 2007 |df= }}
    • 1943: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120531191539/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/43/jan43.htm January], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211101850/http://usaaf.net/chron/43/feb43.htm February], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211103950/http://usaaf.net/chron/43/mar43.htm March], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211101806/http://usaaf.net/chron/43/apr43.htm April], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090228133354/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/43/may43.htm May], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090228133323/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/43/jun43.htm June], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211103201/http://usaaf.net/chron/43/jul43.htm July], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090212182006/http://usaaf.net/chron/43/aug43.htm August], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211103429/http://usaaf.net/chron/43/sep43.htm September], [https://web.archive.org/web/20120531191604/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/43/oct43.htm October], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211101956/http://usaaf.net/chron/43/nov43.htm November], [https://web.archive.org/web/20061007025927/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/43/dec43.htm December]
    • 1944: [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211104025/http://usaaf.net/chron/44/jan44.htm January], [https://web.archive.org/web/20141227223115/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/44/feb44.htm February], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211104458/http://usaaf.net/chron/44/mar44.htm March],[https://web.archive.org/web/20090216134921/http://usaaf.net/chron/44/apr44.htm April], [https://web.archive.org/web/20120606084013/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/44/may44.htm May], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090216134948/http://usaaf.net/chron/44/jun44.htm June], [https://web.archive.org/web/20130527104023/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/44/jul44.htm July], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211103512/http://usaaf.net/chron/44/aug44.htm August], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090213065727/http://usaaf.net/chron/44/sep44.htm September], [https://web.archive.org/web/20100307201338/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/44/oct44.htm October], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211104529/http://usaaf.net/chron/44/nov44.htm November], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211102831/http://usaaf.net/chron/44/dec44.htm December]
    • 1945: [https://web.archive.org/web/20090216135327/http://usaaf.net/chron/45/jan45.htm January], [https://www.webcitation.org/6EL69fukR?url=http://www.usaaf.net/chron/45/feb45.htm February], [https://web.archive.org/web/20130602071111/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/45/mar45.htm March],[https://web.archive.org/web/20100307201343/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/45/apr45.htm April], [https://web.archive.org/web/20100307201214/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/45/may45.htm May], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211104534/http://usaaf.net/chron/45/jun45.htm June], [https://web.archive.org/web/20100307201203/http://www.usaaf.net/chron/45/jul45.htm July], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211103609/http://usaaf.net/chron/45/aug45.htm August], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090211104645/http://usaaf.net/chron/45/sep45.htm September]
{{refend}}

External links

{{commonscat|position=left|V-1}}{{coord missing|France}}{{DEFAULTSORT:V-1 Flying Bomb Facilities}}

9 : V-1 flying bomb facilities|Rocket launch sites|Ruins in Normandy|World War II sites in France|World War II sites of Nazi Germany|German military-related lists|Lists of rocket launches|Nazi-related lists|World War II-related lists
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/29 11:34:23