| 词条 | Antaeus |
| 释义 |
|name = Antaeus {{lang|grc|Ἀνταῖος}} |AKA = |image = Hércules luchando con Anteo, por Zurbarán.jpg |image_size = |caption = Hercules Fighting Antaeus (1634), by Francisco de Zurbarán |Mythology = Greek |Grouping = Legendary creature |Sub_Grouping = Half-giant |Parents = Poseidon Gaia |Country = |Region = Africa |Habitat = In the interior desert of Libya. |First_Reported = |Last_Reported = |Similar_creatures = }} Antaeus ({{IPAc-en|æ|n|ˈ|t|iː|ə|s}}, {{lang-grc-gre|Ἀνταῖος}}, Antaîos, {{abbr|lit.|literally}} "Opponent”, derived from {{lang|grc|ἀντάω}}, antao - I face, I oppose; {{lang-ber|Änti}}) was a figure in Greek and Berber mythology. In Greek sources, he was the half-giant son of Poseidon and Gaia.[1][2] His wife was the goddess Tinge, and he had a daughter named Alceis or Barce. He was famed for his loss to Heracles as part of his 12 Labors. MythologyAntaeus would challenge all passers-by to wrestling matches and remained invincible as long as he remained in contact with his mother, the earth.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} As Greek wrestling, like its modern equivalent, typically attempted to force opponents to the ground, he always won, killing his opponents.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} He built a temple to his father using their skulls.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} Antaeus fought Heracles as he was on his way to the Garden of Hesperides as his 11th Labor. Heracles realized that he could not beat Antaeus by throwing or pinning him. Instead, he held him aloft and then crushed him to death in a bear hug.[3][4] The contest between Heracles and Antaeus was a favored subject in ancient{{sfnp|EB|1878}} and Renaissance sculpture.[5] Location in AfricaAntaeus was known to the Berbers as Änti,[6] a distinct figure from the Egyptian god of that name. Greeks of the 6th century {{sc|bc}}, who had established colonies along the coast of North Africa, placed Antaeus in the interior desert of Libya.[7] A location for Antaeus somewhere beyond the Berber world might be quite flexible in longitude: when the Roman commander Quintus Sertorius crossed from Hispania to North Africa, he was told by the residents of Tingis (Tangier), far to the west of Libya, that the gigantic remains of Antaeus would be found within a certain tumulus; digging it open, his men found giant bones; closing the site, Sertorius made propitiatory offerings and "helped to magnify the tomb's reputation".[8] In Book IV of Marcus Annaeus Lucanus' epic poem Pharsalia (c. {{sc|ad}} 65-61), the story of Heracles' victory over Antaeus is told to the Roman Curio by an unnamed Libyan citizen. The learned client king Juba II of Numidia (died 23 {{sc|bc}}), husband of the daughter of Antony and Cleopatra, claimed his descent from a liaison of Heracles with Tinga, the consort of Antaeus.[9] In his Life of Sertorius cited above, Plutarch recounts what he says to be a local myth, according to which Heracles consorted with Tinge after the death of Antaeus and had by her a son Sophax, who named a city in North Africa Tingis after his mother. Sophax in his turn was father of Diodorus who conquered many Libyan peoples with his army of Olbians and Mycenaeans brought to Libya by Heracles.[10] Moreover, some related that Heracles had a son Palaemon by Iphinoe, the daughter of Antaeus and (presumably) Tinge.[11] Scholiasts on Pindar's Pythian Ode 9 also recorded a story which made Antaeus king of the city Irassa in Libya, and father of a daughter named either Alceis or Barce. Antaeus promised her hand to the winner of a race, just like Danaus did to find new husbands for his daughters. Alexidamus beat all the other suitors in the race and married the daughter of Antaeus. Three versions of this story, with minor variations, were collected by the scholiasts; one of those versions made Antaeus, king of Irassa, a figure distinct from the Antaeus killed by Heracles, while another one suggested that they were one and the same.[12]He is alluded to in Olson's poem "Purgatory Blind" and in "Call Me Ishmael" also by Olson.[13][14] Notes1. ^Apollodorus, 2.5.11 2. ^Hyginus, Fabulae 31. 3. ^Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke ii. 5. 4. ^Hyginus, Fabula 31. 5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5QzQ3W4VjvsC&lpg=PA550&dq=The%20contest%20between%20Heracles%20and%20Antaeus%20Renaissance%20sculpture.&pg=PA550#v=onepage&q=The%20contest%20between%20Heracles%20and%20Antaeus%20Renaissance%20sculpture.&f=false|title=Gardner's Art Through the Ages: V. 2: A Global History|last=Kleiner|first=Fred S.|date=2008-02-01|publisher=Cengage Learning EMEA|isbn=0495410608|location=|pages=550|language=en|quote=|via=}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Ilahiane|first1=Hsain|title=Historical Dictionary of the Berbers|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=1442281820|pages=257|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=aRYuDgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA257&dq=%C3%84nti%20giant%20berber&pg=PA257#v=onepage&q=%C3%84nti%20giant%20berber&f=false}} 7. ^I. Malkin, Myth and Territory in the Spartan Mediterranean, 1994:181-87, giving sources, noted in Robin Lane Fox, Travelling Heroes in the Epic Age of Homer, 2008:182 and note 51. 8. ^Fox 2008:182, noting Plutarch, Sertorius9.3–4.Fox 2008:182 9. ^Pliny, Natural History, 5. 2–3; Strabo 17. 3. 8 noted in D.W. Roller, The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene, 2003:54 and 154, and by Fox 2008:182. 10. ^Plutarch, Life of Sertorius, 9. 4 11. ^Tzetzes on Lycophron 662 12. ^Scholia on Pindar, Pythian Ode 9, 185, referring to Pherecydes, Pisander of Camirus and other unspecified writers 13. ^Olson, Charles. [https://books.google.com/books?id=mUOIRUZvatUC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false The collected poems of Charles Olson: excluding the Maximus poems]. University of California Pr, 1997. p.3 14. ^Olson, Charles, "Call Me Ishmael" Grove Press, Inc, 1947. p.114 References
Further reading
External links
6 : Libya in Greek mythology|Berber deities|Greek giants|Offspring of Poseidon|Offspring of Gaia|Mythology of Heracles |
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