| 词条 | Valenciennes lace |
| 释义 |
Valenciennes lace is made on a lace pillow[3][10] in one piece, with the réseau (the net-like ground) being made at the same time as the toilé (the pattern).[4][3][10] It differentiates itself from other types of lace because the openness of the réseau, the closeness and evenness of the toilé, which resembles cambric, and that it lacks any cordonnet (a loosely spun silk cord used to outline and define the pattern).[5][3][5] Also, in real Flemish Valenciennes lace there are no twisted sides to the mesh; all are closely plaited, and as a rule the shape of the mesh is diamond but without the openings.[6] The réseau ground is made of four threads braided together, with eight threads at the crosses,[7] which makes it very strong and firm.[5] This is simpler and easier to make than the ground for Mechlin lace, though similar in appearance.[5] Valenciennes lace received an impetus in the seventeenth century, when the Scheldt was channelled for river navigation between Cambrai and Valenciennes, benefiting the export of Valenciennes' wool, fabric and fine arts. To use up flax yarn, women began to make the famous Valenciennes lace. Early Valenciennes lace was grounded with fancy mesh which was thicker and closer than the open réseau used later. The more open version was developed in Valenciennes, and thus the type of lace became known under the name of the town.[3] The open mesh started to evolve in the 18th century and by the 19th century the characteristic ground made of four braided threads was in use.[5] By the 1900s little of the famous lace was still made in Valenciennes.[8] References1. ^"Valenciennes." The Oxford English Dictionay. 2nd ed. 1989. {{Commons category|Point de Valenciennes}}2. ^1 2 {{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Valenciennes lace |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074691/Valenciennes-lace |accessdate=2008-05-10 |edition=online}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Sharp|first=Mary|editor=|title=Point and Pillow Lace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SjVqcPZF30cC&pg=PA105&dq=Valenciennes+lace&lr=&as_brr=3&client=opera&sig=UqxXFStcLAd6tp7iRcZlt4xTr9s|accessdate=2008-05-10|date=March 2007|publisher=Herron Press|isbn=1-4067-4562-6|pages=102–106|quote=}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Haugland|first=Kristina|editor=|title=Grace Kelly: Icon of Style to Royal Bride|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JE5ITOBYBJUC&pg=PT55&dq=Valenciennes+lace&client=opera&sig=hzoM-TOtQL13VZ5dCjc0SHqlLxk|accessdate=2008-05-10|date=May 2006|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0-300-11644-6|pages=48|quote=}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Powys|first=Marian|title=Lace and Lace Making|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2G1sifycRUAC&pg=PA3&dq=making+Valenciennes+lace&lr=&as_brr=3&client=opera&sig=dmJ3lVQ2-d1avX25IA41pBPWuyU|accessdate=2008-05-10|date=March 2002|publisher=Dover Publications|isbn=0-486-41811-1|pages=27–29}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica|title=Lace|edition= 11th}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Powys|first=Marian|title=Lace and Lace Making|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2G1sifycRUAC&pg=PA3&dq=making+Valenciennes+lace&lr=&as_brr=3&client=opera&sig=dmJ3lVQ2-d1avX25IA41pBPWuyU|accessdate=2008-05-10|date=March 2002|publisher=Dover Publications|isbn=0-486-41811-1|pages=20}} 8. ^{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica|title=Valenciennes|edition= 11th}} External links{{commonscatinline|Point de Valenciennes}}{{lace types}} 3 : Bobbin lace|Textile arts of France|Textile arts of Belgium |
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