| 词条 | Valjevo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Valjevo | native_name = Ваљево | native_name_lang = sr | official_name = City of Valjevo | other_name = | settlement_type = City | image_shield = Grb Valjeva.png | image_flag = | image_skyline ={{Photomontage|position=center |photo1a = Stara čaršija Tešnjar, hotel Grand.jpg |photo2a = Zgrada gimnazije, Valjevo 001.jpg |photo2b = Храм Васкрсења Господњег, Ваљево.jpg |photo3a = Petnica Science Center 2015 - 003.JPG |photo3b = Valjevo Okružni sud.JPG |photo4a = Valjevo, Hala sportova, 01.JPG |photo4b = Tešnjar...jpg |size = 270 |spacing = 1 |color = #FFFFFF |border = 1 |foot_montage = From top: City Center, Valjevo Gymnasium, Temple of Our Lord's Resurrection, Petnica Science Center, Court building, Sports hall, Tešnjar- old urban settlement}} | image_caption = | image_map = Municipalities of Serbia Valjevo.png | map_caption = Location of the city of Valjevo within Serbia | mapsize = | coordinates = {{coord|44|16|N|19|53|E|region:RS|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Serbia | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Šumadija and Western Serbia | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Kolubara | parts_type = Settlements | parts_style = para | p1 = 77 | leader_party = SPS | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Stanko Terzić | unit_pref = Metric | area_rank = 17th in Serbia | area_blank1_title = Urban | area_blank1_km2 = 27.44 | area_blank2_title = Administrative | area_blank2_km2 = 905 | area_footnotes = [1] | population_footnotes = [2] | population_as_of = 2011 census | population_rank = 15th in Serbia | population_blank1_title = Urban | population_blank1 = 59073 | population_density_blank1_km2 = auto | population_blank2_title = Administrative | population_blank2 = 90312 | population_density_blank2_km2 = auto | elevation_m = 199 | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | iso_code = SRB | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 14000 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = +381(0)14 | blank_name = Car plates | blank_info = VA | website = {{url|www.valjevo.org.rs}} }} Valjevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Ваљево, {{IPA-sh|ʋâːʎeʋo|pron}}) is a city and the administrative center of the Kolubara District in western Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the administrative area of Valjevo had 90,312 inhabitants, 59,073 of whom were urban dwellers. Valjevo occupies an area of 905 square kilometers; its altitude is 185 meters. The city is situated along the river Kolubara, a tributary of the Sava river. History{{more citations needed|section|date=March 2018}}In the nearby village of Petnica, scientists found the first complete neolithic habitat in Serbia and dated it at 6,000 years old. In Roman times this area was part of the province of Moesia. Valjevo was mentioned for the first time in 1393. It was an important staging post on the trade route that connected Bosnia to Belgrade. Valjevo became significant during the 16th and 17th centuries under stable Ottoman rule. At the beginning of the 19th century most of the territory of Serbia rapidly transformed. The Serbian revolution began with armed rebellion. In 1804, the local Serb population had rebelled against the Turkish lords and liberated a large part of Serbia. One cause for the revolution was the killing of two prominent Serbian commanders by the Ottoman Turks. The two well-known knights, Ilija Bircanin and Aleksa Nenadovic, were killed in Valjevo on the bridge over the Kolubara. The settlement's development accelerated further in the 20th century, when Valjevo became an important industrial and cultural center. During the First World War the battle of Kolubara was fought in the immediate vicinity. A large hospital for the wounded was in the town. During part of World War II, Valjevo was part of the short-lived Republic of Užice, a territory liberated from Axis control by the Yugoslav Partisans. On 20 September 1941, the German Wehrmacht launched a counter-insurgency operation dubbed Operation Uzice; on 25 October, a German division entered Valjevo and seized up to 25,000 civilians, 6,000 of whom were subsequently shot in concentration camps.[3] One of the captured partisan leaders was Stjepan Filipović; he was executed by the Nazis in Valjevo in 1942. In 1999, Valjevo was repeatedly bombed during the NATO attack on Yugoslavia. SettlementsApart from the city, Valjevo covers the administrative area which includes the following settlements:
Demographics{{Historical populations| type = | percentages = pagr |1948|70459 |1953|76104 |1961|81173 |1971|88267 |1981|95449 |1991|98226 |2002|96761 |2011|90312 | source = [4] }} According to the 2011 census results, the city of Valjevo has a population of 90,312 inhabitants. Ethnic groupsThe ethnic composition of the city of Valjevo:
Geography{{more citations needed|section|date=March 2018}}The Valjevo mountain range (Medvednik, Jablanik, Povlen, Maljen, Suvobor), with gently-rolling hills surrounds the town. Divčibare is a plateau in the mountain of Maljen. It has an average altitude of 1000 m. It is 28 km from Valjevo and 110 km from Belgrade. The canyon of the Gradac River (also the name of a Valjevo suburb) ends in the town centre. The Gradac is one of Europe's cleanest rivers, as evidenced by the presence of otters, which only inhabit unpolluted waters. It abounds in brook trout. Also, the artificial lake Rovni is located 15 kilometers from the center of Valjevo. AmenitiesThe Valjevo mountain range offers clean air, medicinal herbs, forest fruits and wild game. The vicinity is kept free of industrialisation and the soil is unpolluted, so the food grown there is healthy. Hunting and fishing in the mountain rivers is common. The air-spa of Divčibare offers rest and recreation. Vrujci Spa has mud baths for rheumatic diseases, as well as a hotel and sports complex with swimming pools. Old water mills are found in the thirteen square kilometers natural reserve. In Petnica, 5 km away from Valjevo, the Petnica Science Center supports young researchers. It has outdoor swimming pools with minor sports facilities, as well as lake Pocibrava, a recreational area. The Nenadović Tower (Кула Ненадовића), originally an armory built by Jakov Nenadović and his son Jevrem in spring 1813,[5] is adjacent to the road to Šabac, at the edge of Kličevac hill. The construction material was stone from an older Vitković tower. Later, the Ottomans turned it into a prison.[6] SurroundingsThe village of Brankovina is situated near Valjevo and is the home of the Nenadović family. The sights of Brankovina are encompassed in a cultural and historical complex, which includes: the Church of Saint Archangel, Archpriest's school, Desanka's school, Old Courtroom, the Sleeping Outbuilding of the Nenadović family, the graves of the Nenadović family and Desanka Maksimović, as well as old “sobrašica” summer houses in the exquisitely beautiful Brankovina church yard. Several ancient monasteries are located in the area surrounding of Valjevo, including Pustinja, Lelić, and Ćelije. The sites on which the current monasteries stand have been used for religious purposes since the 10th century, although the current church buildings date to between 14th and 17th centuries. Pustinja Monastery is located in the cleft of a remote mountainous valley and contains rare Serbian medieval frescoes. Excavations have shown that the current church was built on the foundations of a much older church. Parts of the foundation and an unidentified tomb, much older than the church itself, were discovered. The church is only accessible by a steep path. However, despite its inaccessibility, the Turks managed to damage the monastery more than once. It was damaged in 1683 during the invasion of Turkish army to Vienna. Pustinja is today an active female monastery. ClimateThe climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, with adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate).[7] {{Weather box|width = auto |location = Valjevo (1981–2010, extremes 1961–2010) |single line = Yes |metric first = Yes |Jan record high C = 23.3 |Feb record high C = 25.4 |Mar record high C = 30.0 |Apr record high C = 31.8 |May record high C = 35.4 |Jun record high C = 37.7 |Jul record high C = 42.4 |Aug record high C = 40.8 |Sep record high C = 38.1 |Oct record high C = 32.7 |Nov record high C = 28.3 |Dec record high C = 23.8 |year record high C = 42.4 |Jan high C = 5.3 |Feb high C = 7.4 |Mar high C = 12.7 |Apr high C = 17.7 |May high C = 22.9 |Jun high C = 25.6 |Jul high C = 28.0 |Aug high C = 28.1 |Sep high C = 23.6 |Oct high C = 18.6 |Nov high C = 11.8 |Dec high C = 6.3 |year high C = 17.3 |Jan mean C = 0.6 |Feb mean C = 2.0 |Mar mean C = 6.6 |Apr mean C = 11.6 |May mean C = 16.8 |Jun mean C = 19.9 |Jul mean C = 21.9 |Aug mean C = 21.4 |Sep mean C = 16.8 |Oct mean C = 11.7 |Nov mean C = 6.1 |Dec mean C = 1.9 |year mean C = 11.4 |Jan low C = -3.2 |Feb low C = -2.3 |Mar low C = 1.5 |Apr low C = 5.8 |May low C = 10.6 |Jun low C = 13.9 |Jul low C = 15.6 |Aug low C = 15.3 |Sep low C = 11.1 |Oct low C = 6.4 |Nov low C = 1.7 |Dec low C = -1.7 |year low C = 6.2 |Jan record low C = -28.4 |Feb record low C = -23.3 |Mar record low C = -16.3 |Apr record low C = -7.0 |May record low C = -1.4 |Jun record low C = 3.4 |Jul record low C = 5.9 |Aug record low C = 3.2 |Sep record low C = -2.4 |Oct record low C = -6.1 |Nov record low C = -15.3 |Dec record low C = -21.0 |year record low C = -28.4 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 49.9 |Feb precipitation mm = 44.6 |Mar precipitation mm = 57.9 |Apr precipitation mm = 59.9 |May precipitation mm = 72.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 110.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 71.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 70.7 |Sep precipitation mm = 65.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 62.9 |Nov precipitation mm = 62.7 |Dec precipitation mm = 60.6 |year precipitation mm = 787.7 |Jan humidity = 82 |Feb humidity = 76 |Mar humidity = 70 |Apr humidity = 68 |May humidity = 68 |Jun humidity = 70 |Jul humidity = 67 |Aug humidity = 69 |Sep humidity = 74 |Oct humidity = 78 |Nov humidity = 80 |Dec humidity = 82 |year humidity = 74 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 14 |Feb precipitation days = 13 |Mar precipitation days = 13 |Apr precipitation days = 13 |May precipitation days = 14 |Jun precipitation days = 14 |Jul precipitation days = 10 |Aug precipitation days = 10 |Sep precipitation days = 10 |Oct precipitation days = 10 |Nov precipitation days = 12 |Dec precipitation days = 15 |year precipitation days = 146 |Jan snow days = 8 |Feb snow days = 8 |Mar snow days = 4 |Apr snow days = 1 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 3 |Dec snow days = 7 |year snow days = 32 |Jan sun = 72.9 |Feb sun = 93.2 |Mar sun = 143.3 |Apr sun = 172.8 |May sun = 231.9 |Jun sun = 250.6 |Jul sun = 290.2 |Aug sun = 267.9 |Sep sun = 200.9 |Oct sun = 149.6 |Nov sun = 97.6 |Dec sun = 61.4 |year sun = 2032.2 |source 1 = Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia[8] }} Society and culture{{more citations needed|section|date=March 2018}}Cultural institutionsThe most important cultural institution is the National Museum founded in 1951, under whose auspices are the Museum of the First and Second Serbian Uprisings and displays in Brankovina.[9] Other institutions include the Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments, the Historical Archive, the Town Library. The Cultural Centre has a well-equipped stage and an auditorium with 630 seats. The Youth Centre has "Gallery 34" for exhibitions and forums. The Serbian Language and Culture Workshop offers classes in Serbian for foreigners. Valjevo has two elite art galleries. The Modern Gallery has a permanent display of works of the Academician Ljuba Popović (1953-63 period), a collection of works presented by exhibitors and a concept of representing fantastic painting after the model of the famous "Mediala". The International Art Studio "Radovan Mića Trnavac" exhibits foreign painters of different styles. The Cultural and Artistic Society "Abrašević" has a renowned choir, along with folk music and drama ensembles. Theatrical performances are given by the private theatre "Mala scena" and the Drama Studio of Valjevo Grammar School. The Jazz Fest is accompanied by summer literary talks in the Library Yard. Desanka's May Talks discuss literary topics, where the Desanka Maksimović Foundation grants an annual poetry award. TešnjarTešnjar is one of the oldest paved streets in Valjevo. It is used for films based in the past and is one of the places that makes the beautiful town unique. EconomyThe main economic activity in the second half of the 20th century was the arms manufacturing firm Krušik Valjevo, which returned to production after the wars. The Valjevo economy is characterized by small, private companies working in metallurgy, food production and textiles. Austrian company Austrotherm GmbH, Italian company Golden Lady and Slovenian company Gorenje have built production facilities in Valjevo. Another domestic company is Valjevska Pivara, founded in 1860. The following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2017):[10]
PoliticsSeats in the city parliament won in the 2016 local elections:[11]
GalleryNotable peopleSerbian singer, songwriter, and producer Željko Joksimović grew up in Valjevo. Serbian basketball player Miloš Teodosić was born in Valjevo. Draginja Babić (1886-1915) was born in Valjevo and worked at Valjevo Hospital during the Balkan Wars and World War I. Nenadović familyThis family produced leaders of the First Serbian Uprising, ministers of the first Serbian government, spiritual leaders and travel writers. Some members are: Duke Aleksa, Archpriest Mateja Nenadović, Duke Jakov Nenadović, Sima and Jevrem, writer Čika Ljuba Nenadović, and Persida Karađorđević, the mother of King Peter I of Serbia. International cooperationValjevo has official sister cities:
See also
References1. ^{{Serbian municipalities 2006}} 2. ^{{Serbian census 2011}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1 = Prusin|first1 = Alexander|year = 2017|title = Serbia under the Swastika: A World War II Occupation|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Ud4nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT108|publisher = University of Illinois Press|page = 108|access-date = 2019-01-08}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia|url=http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Knjiga20.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia|accessdate=11 January 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Kula Nenadovića|url=http://www.valjevozavas.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5&Itemid=9|publisher=Valjevozavas.net|accessdate=18 May 2012|language=Serbian|quote=Kula Nenadovića je svakako simbol grada Valjeva. Podignuta je u proleće 1813. godine ...}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Subotić|first=Vojislav|title=Memorijali oslobodilačkih ratova Srbije, Book 1, Volume 1|year=2006|publisher=Vlada Republike Srbije, Ministarstvo rada, zapošljavanja i socijalne politike|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7uPVAAAAMAAJ&q=nenadovic's+tower&dq=nenadovic's+tower&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6Vu2T9buBoaW-wbLxdGzCg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA|accessdate=18 May 2012|page=97|quote=Kula Nenadovica (Nenadovic's Tower) ... was built at Jakob Nenadovic's command in 1813. He was Minister for Private Affairs. It served for military purposes. Turks used it as a prison later}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=96231&cityname=Valjevo,+Kolubara,+Serbia&units=|title=Valjevo, Serbia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase}} 8. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/eng/meteorologija/stanica_sr.php?moss_id=13269| title= Monthly and annual means, maximum and minimum values of meteorological elements for the period 1981–2010| language = Serbian| publisher = Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia| accessdate = February 25, 2017}} 9. ^{{cite news |title=Ovo su NAJLEPŠI MUZEJI van Beograda i evo zašto NE SMETE da ih zaobiđete |url=https://www.blic.rs/slobodno-vreme/vesti/ovo-su-najlepsi-muzeji-van-beograda-i-evo-zasto-ne-smete-da-ih-zaobidete/tq2xw7z |accessdate=22 February 2019 |work=blic.rs |date=11 December 2017 |language=Serbian}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=ОПШТИНЕ И РЕГИОНИ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ, 2018.|url=http://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2018/Pdf/G201813045.pdf|website=stat.gov.rs|publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia|accessdate=10 March 2019|language=Serbian}} 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.vamedia.info/index.php/home/politika/2845-valjevo-je-glasalo|title=Valjevo je glasalo|first=Caca|last=Vujanac|website=www.vamedia.info}} External links{{commons category|Valjevo}}{{EB1911 poster|Valyevo}}
4 : Municipalities and cities of Šumadija and Western Serbia|Populated places in Kolubara District|Valjevo|Articles containing video clips |
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