1. Chopin and the orchestra

2. Reception

3. Hats off, gentlemen! A genius!

4. Structure

5. Adaptations

6. References

The work is often recorded and played in concert. A typical performance lasts from 17 to 19 minutes.^[1]

Chopin and the orchestra

The Variations on "Là ci darem la mano" was Chopin's first work for piano with orchestra. In his early career he wrote two concertos and three other concertante pieces, but always remained relatively indifferent to the orchestral elements of these works, often using the orchestra as a mere accompaniment to the much more brilliant piano part.

Chopin often played the variations without accompaniment, and he later abandoned the orchestra almost entirely in his compositions, though he was working on a third concerto as late as 1834, and in 1841 he published the Allegro de Concert, speculated to be the first movement of the unfinished concerto.

The solo piano version has been recorded by Nikolai Demidenko and others.

Reception

The work was premiered on 11 August 1829 at the Vienna Kärntnertortheater, with Chopin as the soloist. It received very positive audience and critical acclaim. Writing to his parents in Warsaw about his success, he said that "everyone clapped so loudly after each variation that I had difficulty hearing the orchestral tutti."^[2] Publication followed in 1830, with a dedication to his friend Titus Woyciechowski.^[3]

Hats off, gentlemen! A genius!

Schumann's teacher (and future father-in-law) Friedrich Wieck published a very positive review of the Variations in the German periodical Caecilia. Chopin found the review so embarrassingly cloying that he blocked Wieck's attempts to publish it in French. In a letter to a friend, Chopin wrote that Wieck, "instead of being clever, is very stupid" and that he did not want his musical integrity to "die" because of "the imagination of that ... stubborn German”.^[7]

Wieck also had his 12-year-old daughter Clara study the work for public performance, and it became a staple of her early repertoire. In her diary of 8 June 1831 (coincidentally Robert Schumann's 21st birthday), she wrote: Chopin's Variations Op. 2, which I learned in eight days, is the hardest piece I have ever seen or played till now. This original, brilliant composition is still so little known that almost every pianist and teacher considers it incomprehensible and impossible to play.^[8] In Kassel, Louis Spohr turned pages for her as she played them.^[9] Clara Wieck would later become Schumann's wife, despite the vehement opposition of her father.

Schumann and Chopin did not meet in person until 27 September 1835, in Leipzig.^[10] They met only once more, again in Leipzig, on 12 September 1836.^[10] Schumann is known to have written 5 letters to Chopin (only one letter survives), but Chopin never reciprocated. He did not care for Schumann's music,^[11] and his only apparent mark of respect towards Schumann is his dedication of the Ballade No. 2 in F major, Op. 38, to him, which may have been out of politeness as much as anything. For his part, Schumann not only dedicated his Kreisleriana, Op. 16, to Chopin,^[12] he also wrote his own Variations on Chopin's Nocturne in G minor, Op. 15/3 (first published 1981), in between their two meetings;^[10] he wrote an imitative section called simply "Chopin" in Carnaval, Op. 9; and he remained a lifelong staunch champion of Chopin's music, as did his wife Clara (the last concerto she ever played was Chopin's Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor).

Structure

The work is in the key of B-flat major throughout, except for the Adagio of Variation 5, which is in the minor key.

• Introduction: Largo—Poco piu mosso, common time
• Thema: Allegretto, 2/4
• Variation 1: Brillante, 2/4
• Variation 2: Veloce, ma accuratamente, 2/4
• Variation 3: Sempre sostenuto, 2/4
• Variation 4: Con bravura, 2/4
• Variation 5:
  • Adagio, B-flat minor, common time
  • Coda: Alla Polacca, 3/4.

Adaptations

The work, as arranged by John Lanchbery, forms the first part of the music for Frederick Ashton’s 1976 ballet A Month in the Country.

References

• Benedict XII
• Benedict XIII
• Benedict XIV
• Benedict XV
• Benedict xv
• Benedict xvi
• Benedict XVI
• Benedikte of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg
• Benedikt Sigurðsson Gröndal
• Benediktu
• Benediktu Dienu
• Benedikt XVI
• Benedito 16
• Benedito XVI
• Ben Edlund
• Benedorm
• Benedum Center
• Bene Ephraim
• Benefactive
• Benefactive case
• Benefactive form
• Benefactor (law)
• Benefactor (video game)
• Benefice
• Beneficence (statue)