| 词条 | Nagercoil | |||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Nagercoil | official_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = Clockwise from top: Nagercoil Aerial View ,Nagercoil Clock Tower , St. Xavier's Church, Kottar , Nagaraja Temple, Nagercoil | nickname = Granary of South Tamil Nadu | map_alt = | map_caption = Nagercoil in Kanyakumari | pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|8.17|N|77.43|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = India | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Tamil Nadu | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Kanyakumari | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = Mayor–Council | governing_body = Nagercoil Corporation | leader_title1 = Mayor | leader_name1 = Vacant-Not assigned | leader_title2 = Corporation Commissioner | leader_name2 = Vacant-Not assigned IAS | leader_title3 = Commissioner of Police | leader_name3 = Vacant-Not assigned IPS | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 49.371 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 40 | population_total = 224,849 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 9,813 | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | blank3_name_sec1 = Literacy | blank3_info_sec1 = 94.99%[1] | blank_name_sec2 = HDI | blank_info_sec2 = High | blank2_name_sec2 = Climate | blank2_info_sec2 = Am {{small|(Köppen)}} | blank3_name_sec2 = Precipitation | blank3_info_sec2 = {{convert|2128.3|mm|in}} | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_title2 = Spoken | demographics1_info1 = Tamil | demographics1_info2 = | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 629001 | area_code_type = Telephone code | area_code = 91-4652 & 91-4651 | registration_plate = TN-74 Nagercoil | website = | footnotes = }}Nagercoil ("Temple of the Nāgas", Nagaraja Temple) is a city in the southernmost Indian district of Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu and a corporation. It is the administrative headquarters of Kanyakumari District in Tamil Nadu. The city, situated close to the tip of the Indian peninsula, lies in an undulating terrain between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea.[2][3] The present city of Nagercoil grew around Kottar, a mercantile town that dates back to the Sangam period.[4] Kottar is now a locality within the city limits. For 735 years it was a central part of the erstwhile Travancore kingdom and later Kerala State, till almost a decade after India's independence from Britain in 1947. In 1956, Kanyakumari District, along with the town, was merged with Tamil Nadu. The city is a centre for a range of economic activities in the small but densely-populated district, including tourism, software, wind energy, marine fish production and exports, rubber and cloves plantations, agro-crops, floral production, manufacture of fish nets, rubber products among other activities.[5] ‘Nagercoil Cloves’ is a distinct quality of dried cloves in the spices market, noted for its aroma.[6] Cloves, pepper and other spices are grown in estates in the Western Ghats, outside the city. Nagercoil is also the nearest city corporation to the ISRO Propulsion Complex, Mahendragiri[7] and the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant.[8] The city, along with the district of Kanyakumari, stands at the top in many HDI parameters in Tamil Nadu state, including education, per capita income, health indices, etc.[9] The municipality of Nagercoil was upgraded as a Municipal corporation on the eve of its 100th year as a city on February 14th 2019.[10] EtymologyKnown as the Granary of Travancore, Nagercoil not only served as the food basket of Kerala, but was also one among the important spice-trading centers in the kingdom of Travancore from the 14th century onward, and maintained a trade network with Arab merchants from the pre-Islamic era. Various Tamil and Kerala kings fought over this rich agricultural land, which boasted six rivers. Various historians cite that the land's climate and diverse, luxuriant vegetation had no comparison anywhere else in Tamil Nadu.[11] Climate{{climate chart| Nagercoil |22.5|29.7|117 |22.9|31.1|89 |24.4|32.7|76 |25.5|32.9|83 |26.1|32.9|190 |25.1|31.2|217 |24.8|30.5|290 |24.9|31.0|289 |24.7|31.3|206 |24.3|30.6|386 |23.4|29.5|337 |22.8|29.2|178 |float=left |clear=none }}{{Weather box |location = Nagercoil |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan record high C = 29.4 |Feb record high C = 30.7 |Mar record high C = 31.0 |Apr record high C = 32.8 |May record high C = 34.0 |Jun record high C = 30.2 |Jul record high C = 32.0 |Aug record high C = 31.9 |Sep record high C = 31.5 |Oct record high C = 31.2 |Nov record high C = 31.3 |Dec record high C = 28.0 |Jan high C = 28.8 |Feb high C = 29.6 |Mar high C = 30.1 |Apr high C = 31.7 |May high C = 32.5 |Jun high C = 31.5 |Jul high C = 31.3 |Aug high C = 30.4 |Sep high C = 30.6 |Oct high C = 30.5 |Nov high C = 30.2 |Dec high C = 26.2 |Jan low C = 22.4 |Feb low C = 22.8 |Mar low C = 23.0 |Apr low C = 25.1 |May low C = 26.2 |Jun low C = 22.5 |Jul low C = 23.0 |Aug low C = 23.9 |Sep low C = 24.3 |Oct low C = 24.3 |Nov low C = 24.0 |Dec low C = 21.7 |Jan record low C = 16.1 |Feb record low C = 17.8 |Mar record low C = 20.4 |Apr record low C = 20.9 |May record low C = 21.3 |Jun record low C = 19.3 |Jul record low C = 19.0 |Aug record low C = 20.3 |Sep record low C = 20.0 |Oct record low C = 20.8 |Nov record low C = 18.1 |Dec record low C = 16.0 |Jan precipitation mm = 117.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 89.3 |Mar precipitation mm = 83.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 91.5 |May precipitation mm = 190.2 |Jun precipitation mm = 217.8 |Jul precipitation mm = 290.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 289.4 |Sep precipitation mm = 206.9 |Oct precipitation mm = 386.5 |Nov precipitation mm = 337.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 178.1 |Jan precipitation days = 6 |Feb precipitation days = 4 |Mar precipitation days = 5 |Apr precipitation days = 7 |May precipitation days = 12 |Jun precipitation days = 21 |Jul precipitation days = 22 |Aug precipitation days = 20 |Sep precipitation days = 13 |Oct precipitation days = 20 |Nov precipitation days = 21 |Dec precipitation days = 6 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |source 1 = India Meteorological Department[12][13] }} Demographics{{Main article|Demographics of India|Demographics of Tamil Nadu|Demographics of Kerala}}According to the 2011 census, Nagercoil had a population of 224,849 with a female-male sex ratio of 1.05, well above the national average of 0.929 females/male .[14][15] A total of 20,241 were under the age of six, constituting 10,119 males and 10,122 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 4.19% and 0.17% of the population respectively. The literacy rate of the city was 95.35%.[15] The city had a total of 59,997 households. There were a total of 76,345 workers, comprising 244 cultivators, 1,155 main agricultural laborers, 2,271 in household industries, 67,050 other workers, 5,625 marginal workers, 110 marginal cultivators, 361 marginal agricultural laborers, 447 marginal workers in household industries and 4,707 other marginal workers.[16] Economy{{Main article|Economy of Tamil Nadu}}The major software companies present in Nagercoil are Hinduja Global Solutions, Navigant Consulting and American stock exchange NASDAQ.[17][18] The city also has small aerospace manufacturing plants and satellite fabricating firms serving the Indian Space Research Organisations facility in ISRO Propulsion Complex, Mahendragiri.[19][20] The Regional Academic Centre for Space by Indian Space Research Organisation, one among the only six incubation centers for Space Startups in India, is under construction in Nagercoil.[21][22] The Integral Coach Factory has small scale windmill unit.[23] The export of 95 tons of fruits and vegetables to the Gulf Countries through the Thiruvananthapuram airports is a major source of revenue for the city, with food processing companies generating a daily revenue of 16.7 lakh rupees and an annual revenue of 6.1 billion rupees.[24] The flower market of Thovalai exports 350 tons of Flowers to Kerala, Europe and Middle Eastern countries generating an annual revenue of Rs.250 crore.[25][26][27] The major cottage industries like Fish-net manufacturing, Rubber industries, Jewellery manufacturing are industries serving the domestic and export markets.[28][29] The minor cottage industries include Surgical Gloves, Coir-making, floral trade, handloom-weaving, cashew nut, spices, food-processing units, and lace-making (export-oriented).[30] Nagercoil has the highest per capita income of Rs.276,454 (US$3,800), making it among the richest small cities in India. Energy{{Main article|Wind power in India}}The city has an installed windmill capacity of 1500 MW catering to 20% of the state's renewable electricity needs. Muppandhal has emerged as the wind power hub, with plant owners eager to cash in on the Rs 2.90 per unit purchase price being offered by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board.[31] Architecture{{Main article|Architecture of Kerala|Architecture of Tamil Nadu|Dravidian architecture}}The architecture of Nagercoil consists of an eclectic combination of architectural styles, ranging from those that predate the creation of the town, from the early Dravidian architecture and Kerala Architecture, to English Gothic Revival, to the 21st century contemporary. Although there are prehistoric and classical structures in the city, the architectural history of Nagercoil effectively begins with the first small settlements from 3 A.D. The Roman naturalist and writer Pliny the Elder mentions Nagercoil as a commercial metropolis, having trade links with his contemporaneous Roman merchants, who traded and stayed in unique rock-walled, clay-roofed structures. This legacy can be found in some of the town's old heritage structures like the Nagaraja Temple, Nagercoil. The temple has two main deities, Krishna (revered as Ananda Krishna) and Nagaraja. The upadevathas are Shiva, Subrahmanya Swami, Ganesha, Devi, and Dwarapalaka. As an ancient tradition the priests are Namboothiri Brahmins who are referred by the Pambumekkat mana in Thrissur, Kerala. The 14th century St. Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Kottar serves as a testimony to the mix of Roman and native architecture. While Saint Xavier was doing missionary work at Kottar and its neighborhood, he averted an invasion of Padagas with the help of his cross alone and thus protected the people of the Venad kingdom from that attack which was appreciated by the king, Unni Kerala Varma, who became closer to the priest and befriended him from then on. In recognition of Xavier's services, the king allotted him a piece of land to construct a Catholic church, as a gesture of goodwill, as per the church records. There was already a small church, in the same place where St. Xavier's church stands at present, dedicated to Mary the Mother of God, since AD 1544. Later on, Dravidian and Kerala architectural styles began to appear in the area. This can be attributed to the construction of the Thanumalayan Temple in the 16th Century.[32] The brilliant artistic influence of Kerala and British architecture marvels are seen in the Nagercoil Palace, Nagercoil Clock Tower, Home Church, Scott Christian College, Scott School, Carmel School, ST. Joseph Convent, Sethu Lakshmi Bayi School, Nagercoil Court, The Concordia Seminary, Filter House, Catherine Booth Hospital and many more heritage structures in and around the town. Among these, the Nagercoil Clock Tower is the most visible to the outside world, situated in the heart of the town, which was built to commemorate the visit of Sri Moolam Thirunal, the ruler of Travancore, in 1893, and was designed by Hogeorf and S. Horesly of England. The Maharajah himself inaugurated it on 15 February of that year. The pendulum of the clock was made in Derbyshire by Smith of Derby Group, London. The clock is attached to a 60-foot-long chain with a weight, operated with pulleys through gravitational force. The clock in the Nagercoil Clock Tower was presented to the Maharajah by Rev. James Duthie. of the London Missionary Society.[33] The total cost for constructing the Nagercoil Clock Tower was Rs.3258, 9 Chakrams and 12 Kasu. The Maharajah of Travancore donated Rs.1017, and the balance was donated by the public.[33] However, the declining interest by the government to uphold and preserve the heritage monuments is a cause of concern to heritage enthusiasts and the citizens of the town. The fear, that with time, the extinction of this heritage will be imminent is growing with the demolition of a few structures.[34] Politics{{Main article|Politics of Kerala|Politics of Tamil Nadu}}
A. Samraj, was an MLA of Thovalai constituency in 1952. He resigned his post for merging Kanyakumari with Tamil Nadu. Education{{Main article|Education in Kerala|Education in Tamil Nadu}}Tamil is the official language in Nagercoil and is spoken by the majority of the population here. There are many schools and colleges in Nagercoil that are more than 100 years old, such as Scott Christian College (est 1809)[42]) and Scott Christian Higher Secondary School (est 1819). The literacy rate is at 94.99%[43] higher tha the national average of 74.04%[44] and state average of 80.09%.[45] CultureAt Vadasery, a locality in Nagercoil, a unique Temple jewellery is made.[46] The Vadasery Temple jewellery has Geographical Indications (GI) registry of the Government of India.[47] These jewels are used by classical dancers in India.[47] Onam is a festival which is widely celebrated among the Malayalam-speaking population by drawing the 'athapoo' in the floor.[48][49]SportsNagercoil has the distinction of housing one of the two Sports Authority of India Centers in the state, the other being in Chennai.[50][51] There are plans to make the city hub for sports in South India by merging it with the Thiruvananthapuram and Kochi Centers with Headquarters in Thiruvananthapuram .[52] References1. ^{{cite web|title=Census2011|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/490-nagercoil.html|website=Tamil Nadu Population Census data 2011|publisher=Tamil Nadu Government|accessdate=2 April 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cleartrip.com/india/nagercoil/|title=Nagercoil Tourism, Nagercoil Travel Guide - Cleartrip|website=Cleartrip Tourism}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Nagercoil |url=http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/401660/Nagercoil }} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Nagercoil |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/65704/8/08_introduction.pdf}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Kanyakumari District Statistical Handbook |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s38fe0093bb30d6f8c31474bd0764e6ac0/uploads/2018/04/2018041097.pdf}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Cultivation of Spices |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0tKiCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT115&lpg=PT115&dq=cloves+nagercoil+spices+board&source=bl&ots=RIjSS-jZ3O&sig=ACfU3U2r5rDAcSgafzus1jr9fN67dsX4zA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwit8_aUk7rgAhWUdn0KHaH6Cpc4ChDoATADegQIBhAB#v=onepage&q=cloves%20nagercoil%20spices%20board&f=false }} 7. ^ https://frontline.thehindu.com/science-and-technology/swadeshi-success/article9731146.ece 8. ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koodankulam 9. ^{{cite web|title=Kanniyakumari tops HDI rankings |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kanniyakumari-tops-hdi-rankings/article18470625.ece}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadus-hosur-nagercoil-to-become-corporations/articleshow/67976076.cms|title=Tamil Nadu’s Hosur, Nagercoil to become corporations - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2019-02-14}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=hhrRboi5kOcC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=granary+of+travancore&source=bl&ots=camYVZu-p6&sig=zXGODGI7AjeaHSBTPDds7i_OQTQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1m4m5uuzdAhWUWysKHX_5CsoQ6AEwB3oECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=granary+of+travancore&f=false|title=River Disputes in India: Kerala Rivers Under Siege|first=S. 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Anil|last=Radhakrishnan|date=18 August 2017|publisher=|via=www.thehindu.com}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/offbeat/thovalai-flowers-gearing-up-for-onam-kanyakumari-onam-season-1.2188380|title=Thovalai flowers gearing up for Onam|website=Mathrubhumi}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/traders-stare-at-losses-as-kerala-floods-hit-business/article24718837.ece|title=Traders stare at losses as Kerala floods hit business|first=P.|last=Sudhakar|date=17 August 2018|publisher=|via=www.thehindu.com}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/worst-onam-for-thovalai-flower-market-in-recent-times/articleshow/65536468.cms|title=Worst Onam for Thovalai flower market in recent times - Times of India|website=The Times of India}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/nagercoil-temple-jewellery-made-with-peculiar-stones-gets-gi-tag-geographical-indications-tag/articleshow/65095824.cms|title=Nagercoil temple jewellery made with peculiar stones gets Geographical Indications tag - Times of India|website=The Times of India}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Fishermen-thirst-for-scientific-solutions/article14849043.ece|title=Fishermen thirst for scientific solutions|date=2 October 2007|publisher=|via=www.thehindu.com}} 30. ^{{cite news|title=Form casteless society, youth told |url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/10/03/stories/2004100303550300.htm|work=The Hindu|date=3 October 2004|accessdate=2013-08-08}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/State-betters-its-record-in-windmill-energy-production/article14808974.ece|title=State betters its record in windmill energy production|date=3 August 2007|publisher=|via=www.thehindu.com}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/br/2002/01/29/stories/2002012900150300.htm|title=The Hindu : History of Suchindram temples|website=www.thehindu.com}} 33. ^1 {{cite web|title=Nagercoil Clock Tower - Nagercoil Mani Medai |url=http://www.onlinekanyakumari.com/nagercoil-clock-tower-tower-junction-mani-medai-manimedai/|publisher=OnlineKanyakumari.Com|access-date=16 July 2016}} 34. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/conserve-heritage-building-in-nagercoil-intach/article7097015.ece|title=Conserve heritage building in Nagercoil: INTACH|first=R.|last=Arivanantham|date=13 April 2015|publisher=|via=www.thehindu.com}} 35. ^Joy Gnanadason,`A Forgotten History`,1994, Gurukul L.T. College and Research Institute, Chennai. Page:151. 36. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/archive/|title=Archive News|website=The Hindu}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sangh-power-BJPs-southern-comfort/articleshow/666972.cms|title=Sangh power BJP's southern comfort - Times of India|website=The Times of India}} 38. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/chidambaram-distributes-welfare-aid-in-nagercoil/article4233911.ece|title=Chidambaram distributes welfare aid in Nagercoil|first=Staff|last=Reporter|date=24 December 2012|publisher=|via=www.thehindu.com}} 39. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-04-10/news/29403402_1_dmk-candidate-bjp-mp-votes|title="Will BJP make history by winning Nagercoil?"|publisher=}} 40. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2004-04-30/news/27376442_1_bjp-candidate-congress-bastion-cpi-m-candidate|title="Dravidians don't wind up in Nagercoil"|publisher=}} 41. ^[https://kerala.gov.in/ele_rep/1951.pdf ]{{dead link|date=March 2019}} 42. ^ {{dead link|date=March 2019}} 43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/803927-nagercoil-tamil-nadu.html|title=Nagercoil Municipality City Population Census 2011-2019 - Tamil Nadu|website=www.census2011.co.in}} 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/literacy.php|title=Literacy Rate of India - Population Census 2011|website=www.census2011.co.in}} 45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/tamil+nadu.html|title=Tamil Nadu Population Sex Ratio in Tamil Nadu Literacy rate data 2011-2019|website=www.census2011.co.in}} 46. ^{{cite web|title=A Dazzle in the Dark|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/a-dazzle-in-the-dark/article3290876.ece}} 47. ^1 {{cite web|title=Nagercoil temple jewellery made with peculiar stones gets gets Geographical Indications tag |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/trichy/nagercoil-temple-jewellery-made-with-peculiar-stones-gets-gi-tag-geographical-indications-tag/articleshow/65095824.cms}} 48. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2005/09/15/stories/2005091505880200.htm|title=The Hindu : Tamil Nadu / Nagercoil News : Onam - day of flowers, feast, fun and frolic|website=www.thehindu.com}} 49. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Onam-festivities-begin-in-Kanyakumari/article14821829.ece|title=Onam festivities begin in Kanyakumari|date=24 August 2007|publisher=|via=www.thehindu.com}} 50. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2004/02/13/stories/2004021301190300.htm|title=The Hindu : Sports Authority of India sub-centre coming up near Nagercoil|website=www.thehindu.com}} 51. ^{{cite web|url=http://sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index2.asp?slid=211&sublinkid=118&langid=1|title="Regional Centres"|publisher=}} 52. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2011/jun/17/city-may-lose-sai-sub-centre-to-nagercoil-263436.html|title=City may lose SAI sub-centre to Nagercoil|website=The New Indian Express}} External links{{Commons category}}
2 : Cities and towns in Kanyakumari district|Nagercoil |
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