| 词条 | Vasil Zacharka |
| 释义 |
|name = Vasil Zacharka |image = Zacharka.jpg |imagesize = 150 |smallimage = |caption = |order = President of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in exile |term_start = March 1928 |term_end = March 6, 1943 |primeminister = |predecessor = Piotra Krečeŭski |successor = Mikoła Abramčyk |birth_date = {{birth date|1877|04|01}} |birth_place = Vaukavysk uyezd, Russian Empire |death_date = {{death date and age|1943|04|14|1877|04|01}} |death_place = Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia |constituency = |party = Belarusian Socialist Assembly |spouse = |children = |profession = Military officer |religion = |signature = |alma_mater = |footnotes = }} Vasil Zacharka ({{lang-be|Васіль Захарка}}, April 1, 1877, Dabrasielcy near Hrodna – March 14, 1943, Prague) was a Belarusian statesman and the second president of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in exile. Early lifeVasil Zacharka was born in a peasant family near Hrodna. In 1895 he became a certified church school teacher and later worked at school. In 1898 Zacharka was mobilized to the Russian army and was demobilized in 1902. By that time he already was member of a large Belarusian national organization, the Belarusian Socialist Assembly. He was again mobilized in 1904 following the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War and served in the military on several administrative posts till 1917.[1] Political activismVasil Zacharka was an active participant of the Congress of Belarusian West Front Militarymen on October 22, 1917 in Minsk and became secretary of the newly created Central Belarusian Military Council. He was also elected member of the Council of the First All-Belarusian Congress later that year.[2] After proclamation of the independence on March 25, 1918, Vasil Zacharka held different positions in the government of Belarus. In exileWith the Bolshevik invasion of Belarus in 1919, the government of Belarus had to evacuate to Vilnius and then to Hrodna. Zacharka was among the creators of appeals to the League of Nations, Great Britain, France, USA and other countries by the Belarusian government.[3] On June 2, 1920 Zacharka was appointed chief of the Belarusian diplomatic mission to Moscow where he held negotiations with the Russian foreign minister Georgy Chicherin. Zacharka tried to convince the Soviets to recognize the independence of Belarus and to liberate Belarusian political prisoners held in Russian jails.[1] After the Peace of Riga in 1921 the Belarusian government in exile passed resolutions criticizing it and supporting the Slutsk defence action. In 1925 Zacharka managed to prevent the government of the Belarusian People's Republic to abandon its authority in favour of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic, despite the fact that many members of the democratic government were advocating this idea.[4] Zacharka served as deputy president of the Belarusian People's Republic Piotra Krecheuski and became president upon his death in early 1928. As president he protested against the transferral of Vilnius from the Belarusian SSR to the Republic of Lithuania in October 1939. On 20 April 1939 Zacharka sent together with Ivan Yermachenka a seventeen-page memorandum to Adolf Hitler personally asking him to take into account the interests of Belarus in any future developments.[5] On 28 June 1941 Zacharka telegraphed to Hitler, that he wishes him a quick and decisive victory over the Judeo-Bolshevik regime on all fronts.[6] But when Germans contacted Zacharka during the Second World War, he declined all collaboration with them.[7] Vasil Zacharka died in Prague in 1943 and left a rich archive of documents about the Belarusian Democratic Republic. Works
Sources
References1. ^1 ВАСІЛЬ ЗАХАРКА. ПРЭЗІДЭНТ БЕЛАРУСКАЙ НАРОДНАЙ РЭСПУБЛІКІ {{BelarusPres}}{{BelarusPMs}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Zacharka, Vasil}}2. ^ЗАХАРКА Васіль Іванавіч // Рэпрэсаваныя лiтаратары, навукоўцы, работнiкi асветы, грамадскiя i культурныя дзеячы Беларусі. 1794–1991. Том I 3. ^Імёны Свабоды: Васіль Захарка 4. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.pbpf.org/art.php?art=52&cat=4&lang=be |title=Уладзімер Арлоў. Васіль Захарка |access-date=August 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915144659/http://www.pbpf.org/art.php?cat=4&art=52&lang=be |archive-date=September 15, 2009 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }} 5. ^Leonid Rein: The kings and the pawns. Collaboration in Byelorussia during World War II. Berghahn Books, New York 2011, {{ISBN|9780857450432}}, p. 96. 6. ^John-Paul Himka, Joanna Beata Michlic: Bringing the Dark Past to Light: The Reception of the Holocaust in Postcommunist Europe. U of Nebraska Press, 2013, {{ISBN|9780803246478}}, p. 66 7. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20170515022941/http://www.belarus-misc.org/diaspora/yurevich/belarus/writers/zacharka.html] 9 : 1877 births|1943 deaths|People from Zel’va District|People from Grodno Governorate|Belarusian Socialist Assembly politicians|Members of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic|Belarusian diplomats|Belarusian expatriates in the Czech Republic|Independence activists |
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