| 词条 | Velia caprai |
| 释义 |
| name = Velia caprai | image = Velia.caprai.-.lindsey.jpg | regnum= Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Hemiptera | familia =Veliidae | genus = Velia | species = V. caprai | binomial = Velia caprai | binomial_authority = (Tamanini, 1947) }} Velia caprai, known as the water cricket, is a species of aquatic bug found in Europe. It grows to a length of {{convert|8.5|mm|abbr=on}} and is stouter than pond skaters of the family Gerridae. It is distasteful to predatory fish, engages in kleptoparasitism, and can travel at twice its normal speed by spitting on the water surface. DescriptionThe adult insect grows to a length of {{convert|6.2|-|8.5|mm}}.[1] Members of the family Veliidae resemble the pond skaters of the family Gerridae, but with stouter middle and hind legs, and a generally stouter appearance.[2] EcologyVelia caprai has a chemical defence mechanism which is often able to prevent predation. It is so distasteful to brown trout (Salmo trutta) that the fish will spit out any Velia caprai it takes without causing them any damage.[3]BehaviourVelia caprai is subject to kleptoparasitism. In one study, whenever it took prey heavier than {{convert|7.9|g}}, other bugs of the same species joined it and successfully ate parts of the prey.[3]One unusual behaviour exhibited by Velia caprai is called "expansion skating", or {{lang|de|Entspannungschwimmen}} (German for "relaxation swimming"), in which saliva is ejected from the insect's beak onto the surface of the water, lowering the surface tension and allowing the insect to travel at up to twice its normal speed.[4] Velia caprai aligns itself to the plane of polarised light, although the reasons for this behaviour are not clear.[5]Taxonomic historyVelia caprai was first described as a separate species by Livio Tamanini in 1947, in a monographic revision of the genus Velia. Formerly, V. caprai and other species, such as V. saulii, were included in Velia currens (Fabricius, 1794).[6]References{{Commons}}{{Portal|Insects}}1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.commanster.eu/commanster/Insects/Bugs/WBugs/Velia.caprai.html |title=Velia caprai Tamanini 1947 (Family Veliidae) |work=Ecology of Commanster |author=Jim Lindsey |accessdate=June 27, 2010}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q1030757}}2. ^{{cite book |author=Michael Chinery |year=1993 |title=Insects of Britain and Northern Europe |edition=3rd |series=Collins Field Guides |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-219918-1 |chapter=Amphibicoriscae: pond skaters and other surface-living water bugs |pages=111–112}} 3. ^{{cite journal |author=Ann Erlandsson |year=1988 |title=Food sharing vs monopolising prey: a form of kleptoparasitism in Velia caprai (Heteroptera) |journal=Oikos |volume=53 |pages=203–206 |doi=10.2307/3566063}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |author=James T. Costa |year=2006 |title=The other insect societies |series=Belknap Press Series |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-02163-1 |chapter=Aquatic bugs |pages=336–363 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PYRFDrZs9QAC}} 5. ^{{cite book |author=Gábor Horváth & Dezsö Varjú |year=2004 |title=Polarized light in animal vision: polarization patterns in nature |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-40457-6 |chapter=Velia caprai |pages=180 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jkwvub-1zy8C}} 6. ^{{cite journal |author=Sheila Brooke |title=A checklist of British water bugs (Hemiptera–Heteroptera) |journal=Het News |volume=3 |year=2004|url=http://www.hetnews.org.uk/pdfs/Issue%203_Spring%202004_422Kb.pdf |format=PDF}} 3 : Veliidae|Hemiptera of Europe|Insects described in 1947 |
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