| 词条 | National Center for Science Education |
| 释义 |
| name = National Center for Science Education | image = National_Center_for_Science_Education_Logo.png | caption = | type = Nonprofit, science education | founded_date = {{start date and age|1981}} | location = Oakland, CA, United States. | affiliations = | key_people = Ann Reid, Executive Director | focus = Promoting science education and science standards | method = Teacher training and science advocacy | website = {{URL|ncse.com}} }} The National Center for Science Education (NCSE) is a not-for-profit membership organization in the United States whose stated mission is to educate the press and the public on the scientific and educational aspects of controversies surrounding the teaching of evolution and climate change, and to provide information and resources to schools, parents, and other citizens working to keep those topics in public school science education. Based in Oakland, California, it claims 4,500 members that include scientists, teachers, clergy, and citizens of varied religious and political affiliations.[1][2] The Center opposes the teaching of religious views in science classes in America's public schools; it does this through initiatives such as Project Steve. The Center has been called the United States' "leading anti-creationist organization".[3] The Center is affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science.[4] HistoryIn 1980 Stanley L. Weinberg, a veteran high-school teacher in Iowa, began to organize statewide Committees of Correspondence "committed to the defense of education in evolutionary theory," modelled upon the committees of correspondence in pre-Revolutionary America. Their purpose was to keep interested parties informed about creationist endeavours and to share ideas for responses, allowing a political response at a local level. This grew into volunteer networks in most states, with the Creation/Evolution Newsletter interconnecting them,[5] which was incorporated as the NCSE in 1983.[6] In 1987, author and lecturer Eugenie Scott, who holds a PhD in Physical Anthropology, became its executive director.[7] The Board of Directors and official supporters, as explained by NCSE, "reflects our scientific roots."{{cite quote|date=March 2011}} In the 1990s, based upon its monitoring of creationist efforts, it issued warnings of high levels of official anti-evolutionism and a "sharp surge upwards" in creationist attacks on evolution, including attempts to downgrade evolution from "fact" to "theory" (see evolution as theory and fact) or present the "evidence against evolution" (see objections to evolution).[8] The organization's supporters include Bruce Alberts, former President of the National Academy of Sciences; Donald Johanson, discoverer of the "Lucy" fossil; and evolutionary biologist Francisco J. Ayala. Also the late paleontologist and writer Stephen Jay Gould was a long-time supporter. As of 2012, the group has 4500 members who are "scientists, teachers, clergy, and citizens with diverse religious and political affiliations."[1] In November 2013 Ann Reid succeeded Eugenie C. Scott as executive director. Eugenie C. Scott served as executive director for 27 years, 1986 to 2013.[9] Activities and programsThe NCSE acts as a central information and resource clearinghouse, and helps to coordinate the activities of people fighting creationists. It maintains up-to-date listings of current events and information regarding creationist endeavours and evolution education.[10] Historian of science Michael Shermer describes its website as being one of "the two best resources on the Internet on the evolution/creation topic" (the other being TalkOrigins Archive).[11] The NCSE also opposes intelligent design and other "alternatives" to evolution because it says they are misleading euphemisms for creationism.[12] NCSE "is religiously neutral, though it cooperates nationally and locally with religious organizations, as well as scientific and educational organizations like the National Academy of Sciences, the National Association of Biology Teachers, and the National Science Teachers Association." Its willingness to engage positively with, and avoid taking sides against, religiously minded supporters of evolution has been noted by historian of creationism Ronald L. Numbers and atheist author Richard Dawkins.[13][14] The NCSE offers a variety of lecturers, including biologists, anthropologists, philosophers, and theologians, for topics relating to evolution, science, and education.[15] Also it hosts activities including trips and conferences.[16] It publishes Reports of the National Center for Science Education bimonthly, containing peer-reviewed articles, book reviews, and news.[17] From 1980 to 1997, it published the Creation/Evolution Journal, which has since been merged into Reports of the National Center for Science Education.[18] Additionally, it publishes books, such as a compilation of scientific analyses of creationist books.[19] In 2003, the NCSE gained international attention with Project Steve.[20] In 2005, the NCSE assisted the plaintiffs in Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, the most prominent case testing the constitutionality of intelligent design in public school science classes, and put their extensive library of creationist materials at the plaintiffs' disposal. Nick Matzke, the NCSE's Public Information Project Director at the time, served as liaison to the legal team, and was responsible for uncovering the substitution of "intelligent design" for "creationism" within drafts of Of Pandas and People, which became a devastating part of the testimony of Barbara Forrest (also an NCSE Director),[21] and was cited extensively in Judge John E. Jones III's decision.[22] In April 2008, the NCSE launched Expelled Exposed, a website critical of the alleged documentary No Intelligence Allowed starring Ben Stein.[23] The website received press attention and a large amount of traffic.[24] In 2012, the NCSE announced they would be engaged in efforts to keep climate change education, and global warming issues, safe from threats from special interests.[25] They have developed a series of lessons addressing climate change misconceptions and offer teacher training through a Teacher Ambassador program. [26] MediaEugene Scott appeared on Uncommon Knowledge, as NCSE spokesperson, twice in 2001 debating intelligent design creationist William A. Dembski.[27][28] Then in 2004, NCSE was represented by Scott on Penn and Teller's Showtime television show Bullshit! on the episode "Creationism".[29] Scott offered scientific views about the creationist and intelligent design movements. She noted, "it would be unfair to tell students that there is a serious dispute going on among scientists whether evolution took place. There's not." She further noted that "a lot of the time the creationists ... they'll search through scientific journals and try to pull out something they think demonstrates evolution doesn't work and there is a kind of interesting rationale behind it. Their theology is such that if one thing is wrong with the Bible you have to throw it all out so that's why Genesis has to be interpreted literally. They look at science the same way. If one little piece of the evolutionary puzzle doesn't fit the whole thing has to go." Scott then explained "that's not the way science is done." In November 2007 Scott discussed the NCSE's exploration of intelligent design on the NOVA documentary Intelligent Design on Trial, which documented Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District.[30] Staff and supporters{{col-begin}}{{col-break|width=50%}}Staff
Officers and Directors
Advisory Council{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
}} See also
Notes1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://ncse.com/about |title=About NCSE |date=January 2012 |publisher=National Center for Science Education |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119181010/http://ncse.com/about |archivedate=January 19, 2012 }} 2. ^"Frequently Asked Questions about NCSE". January 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2012. 3. ^{{cite book |title=The Panda's Black Box |editor1-first=Nathaniel C. |editor1-last=Comfort |editor1link=Nathaniel C. Comfort |chapter=Introduction |first=Daniel J. |last=Kevles |authorlink=Daniel J. Kevles |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=vg2XaexW62wC&pg=PA6 |page=6 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University |isbn=9780801885990 |oclc=494445311}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=AAAS Affiliates |url=http://www.aaas.org/aboutaaas/affiliates/#N |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science |accessdate=17 March 2013}} 5. ^Numbers(2006) p353 6. ^History of NCSE, National Center for Science Education 7. ^Tom McIver in Isis, quoted in Eugenie C. Scott's Evolution vs. Creationism: An Introduction, National Center for Science Education 8. ^Numbers(2006) p2 9. ^{{cite news | url=http://ncse.com/news/2013/11/ncses-new-executive-director-0015185 | title=NCSE's new executive director | publisher=National Center for Science Education |year= 2013 | first= | last= | accessdate =2013-12-23}} 10. ^Evolution and Creationism, Christian C. Young, Mark A. Largent, 2007 11. ^Science Friction: Where the Known Meets the Unknown, Michael Shermer, 2004 12. ^{{cite news | url=http://ncse.com/taking-action/facing-challenges-to-evolution-education | title=Facing Challenges to Evolution Education | publisher=National Center for Science Education |year= 2008 | first= | last= | accessdate =2008-11-04}} 13. ^Numbers(2006) p354 14. ^The God Delusion, Richard Dawkins, pp66-67 15. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.ncse.com/about/staff | title=Staff | publisher=National Center for Science Education |year= 2008| first= | last= | accessdate =2008-11-04}} 16. ^{{cite news | url=http://ncse.com/ncse-events | title=NCSE Events | publisher=National Center for Science Education |year= 2008| first= | last= | accessdate =2008-11-04}} 17. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.ncse.com/media/rncse | title=Reports of the National Center for Science Education | publisher=National Center for Science Education |year= 2008| first= | last= | accessdate =2008-11-04}} 18. ^{{cite web | url=https://ncse.com/media/cej | title=Creation/Evolution Journal | accessdate=29 June 2017}} 19. ^{{cite news | url=http://ncse.com/store/ncse-books | title=NCSE Books | publisher=National Center for Science Education |year= 2008| first= | last= | accessdate =2008-11-04}} 20. ^Project Steve, National Center for Science Education, Last updated October 25, 2008, retrieved November 4, 2008. 21. ^Deception by Design, Lenny Flank, Lenny Flank, Jr., 2007 22. ^Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, p32 23. ^{{cite news | url=http://ncse.com/news/2008/04/expelled-flunks-test-002310 | title=Expelled flunks the test | publisher=National Center for Science Education |date= April 15, 2008| first= | last= | accessdate =2007-05-17}} 24. ^{{cite news | url=http://ncse.com/news/2008/04/expelled-exposed-002306 | title=Expelled exposed | publisher=National Center for Science Education |date= April 18, 2008| first= | last= | accessdate =2007-05-17}} 25. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2012/01/education-advocates-enter-the.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308234531/http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2012/01/education-advocates-enter-the.html |archivedate=2013-03-08 |work=ScienceInsider |title=Education Advocates Enter the Climate Tempest |first=Sara |last=Reardon |date=January 17, 2012 |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science}} 26. ^{{cite podcast |url=http://www.skepticzone.tv/ |title=The Skeptic Zone |website=www.skepticzone.tv/ |publisher= |host=Richard Saunders |date=January 20, 2019 |time= |access-date=January 29, 2019 }} 27. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.hoover.org/multimedia/uk/3004521.html |title=Darwin Under The Microscope: Questioning Darwinism |date=December 7, 2001 |access-date=2008-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610060419/http://www.hoover.org/multimedia/uk/3004521.html |archive-date=2010-06-10 |publisher=Uncommon Knowledge |deadurl=yes |df= }} 28. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.hoover.org/multimedia/uk/3004591.html |title=In Whose Image? Evolution and Spirituality |date=December 7, 2001 |access-date=2008-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829132820/http://www.hoover.org/multimedia/uk/3004591.html |archive-date=2008-08-29 |publisher=Uncommon Knowledge}} 29. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.sho.com/site/ptbs/previous_episodes.do?episodeid=s1/c| title=Creationism| publisher=Bullshit!| year=2004| first=| last=| accessdate=2008-05-17| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618023601/http://www.sho.com/site/ptbs/previous_episodes.do?episodeid=s1%2Fc| archivedate=2008-06-18| deadurl=yes| df=}} 30. ^{{Cite news |url=http://ncse.com/news/2007/11/judgment-day-news-001251 |title=Judgment Day in the news |date=November 15, 2007 |access-date=2008-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427194810/http://ncse.com/news/2007/11/judgment-day-news-001251 |archive-date=2016-04-27 |publisher=National Center for Science Education}} References
External links
14 : Climate change organizations based in the United States|Science advocacy organizations|Scientific organizations based in the United States|Scientific organizations established in 1983|Educational charities based in the United States|Educational organizations based in the United States|Nonpartisan organizations in the United States|501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations|Charities based in California|Non-profit organizations based in California|Science and technology in the San Francisco Bay Area|Organizations based in Oakland, California|1983 establishments in the United States|Organizations established in 1983 |
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