| 词条 | Walnut Lane Bridge |
| 释义 |
| bridge_name= Walnut Lane Bridge | image=Walnut Lane Bridge (cropped).jpg | crosses= Wissahickon Creek | locale= Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | maint= City of Philadelphia | design= concrete | mainspan= {{convert|233|ft|m}} | length= {{convert|585|ft|m}} | height= {{convert|147|ft|m}} | width= {{convert|48|ft|m}} | open= October 14, 1908 | cost= $260,000 ($5 Million Today) | lat= | long= | extra={{Infobox NRHP | embed = yes | name = Walnut Lane Bridge | nrhp_type = | designated_other1_name = Philadelphia Register of Historic Places | designated_other1_date = | designated_other1_abbr = PRHP | designated_other1_link = Philadelphia Register of Historic Places | designated_other1_color = #A8BDEC | designated_other2_name = Pennsylvania state historical marker | designated_other2_abbr=PHMC | designated_other2_date = October 18, 2008[1] | designated_other2_link = List of Pennsylvania state historical markers | designated_other2_color = navy | designated_other2_textcolor=#ffc94b | image = | alt = | caption = | locmapin = | map_alt = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|40|01|56|N|75|11|59|W|display=inline,title}} | location = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States | built = 1907 | architect = George S. Webster (chief) Henry H. Quimby (assistant) | architecture = | added = May 10, 1988 | designated_nrhp_type = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | refnum = 88000815[2] | mpsub = | governing_body = Commonwealth of Pennsylvania}} }} The Walnut Lane Bridge is a concrete arch bridge located in Northwest Philadelphia that connects the Germantown and Roxborough neighborhoods across the Wissahickon Creek in Fairmount Park.[3] While drivers may cross the bridge too quickly to notice, the view from underneath the bridge has inspired many artists and writers, such as Christopher Morley.[4] The design was copied from Pont Adolphe in Luxembourg.[5] The Walnut Lane Bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.[6] ConstructionConstruction began on July 5, 1906 and was completed on October 14, 1908. Over 40,000 tons of rubble concrete (containing a great amount of large stones, for greater shear strength) were poured into the falsework, which had been built from steel bents {{convert|20|ft|m}} high and {{convert|370000|board feet|m3}} of timber, weighing about 900 tons.[7] The bridge's six spans total {{convert|585|ft|m|abbr=on|adj=mid|in length}}. Very little use was made of reinforcing steel, which was scarce at the time. The roadway is {{convert|40|ft|m|abbr=on}} wide, flanked by {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=on}} reinforced-concrete sidewalks and pre-cast concrete balustrades.[8] The chief engineer was George S. Webster, assisted by Henry Quimby, both of the Philadelphia Department of Public Works. At the time of its construction, the bridge was the longest and highest concrete arch bridge in the world.[9] While $240,000 was originally committed to the project, the figure rose to nearly $260,000 by completion (equivalent to nearly $6 million in 2008). City Beautiful MovementThe bridge was a direct product of the City Beautiful Movement in Philadelphia in the early years of the 20th century. Seeking to provide community harmony and cooperation through improved public spaces, the bridge was viewed as an achievement that could unite the communities and cultures of Roxborough and Germantown in addition to inspiring a greater civic engagement. It was also believed that more beautiful construction techniques could help to reform a corrupt political system within the city. The Philadelphia community members rallied around the construction of the bridge and the opening was highly anticipated by all ages alike. OpeningThe bridge was opened on October 14, 1908 and was formally dedicated on December 16 of the same year. Students from nearby schools participated in the dedication ceremony by marching toward the middle of the bridge and singing "Hail Philadelphia."[10] The ceremony ended with a reception at a local inn with the traditional Wissahickon meal of catfish and waffles. Other bridges confused with the Walnut Lane BridgeThe Walnut Lane Bridge is often confused with other bridges in Philadelphia that are similar in name and construction. The Walnut Street Bridge crosses the Schuylkill River and connects University City, Philadelphia and Center City, Philadelphia. The nearby Wissahickon Memorial Bridge (aka Henry Avenue Bridge), which connects the East Falls and Roxborough neighborhoods of Philadelphia, is also often mistaken for the Walnut Lane Bridge. But the bridge most often confused with the Walnut Lane Bridge is the Walnut Lane Memorial Bridge, which replaced a cast-iron bridge over the Monoshone Creek and Lincoln Drive in Philadelphia in 1950 and is world-famous as a pre-stressed, post-tension concrete bridge.[11] Tragedy at the Walnut Lane BridgeThe Walnut Lane Bridge has a history of tragedies and deaths since construction began in 1906. In December 1907, the falsework (used to support the forms for pouring concrete) collapsed and sent about 20 workers plunging {{convert|150|ft|m}} into the Wissahickon Creek. Martin Simpson was listed as the only worker to die during the tragedy while Bernard Mers lost an arm and James Lawson had both of his hands crushed. The crash drew neighbors out of their homes, as the sound could be heard throughout the valley. Throughout the rest of the 20th century, stories of car crashes and suicides abound for the Walnut Lane Bridge. It was a common occurrence to see pictures of the bridge in the newspapers with a dotted line showing the path of a person's fall.[12][13] Centennial celebrationSee also{{Portal|Philadelphia}}
References1. ^{{cite web | title = PHMC Historical Markers | work =Historical Marker Database | publisher = Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission | url =http://search.pahistoricalmarkers.com/ | accessdate = December 10, 2013}} 2. ^NRHP Listings 3. ^Fairmount Park at AOL Local Life {{Dead link|date=February 2017}} 4. ^Morley, from "Up the Wissahickon," in Christopher Morley's Philadelphia (New York: Fordham Press, 1990) 217-218. 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0010874 |title=Walnut Lane Bridge |accessdate=2006-08-03 |publisher=Structurae }} 6. ^{{NRISref|2008a}} 7. ^"Moving the Centering of the Walnut Lane Arch at Philadelphia", Engineering News, Vol. 58, no. 7, p. 169, 15 August 1907. 8. ^George S. Webster and Henry H. Quimby, "Walnut Lane Bridge, Philadelphia", Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 65, no. 1128, p. 430, 1909. 9. ^City of Philadelphia. Annual Report of the Director of the Department of Public Works. (1908). 10. ^"Bridge's Marvels Extolled: Opening Exercises on New Walnut Lane Structure Which Has Largest Concrete Arch in Existence," Germantown Independent-Gazette, December 18, 1908. 11. ^"A Balancing of Forces and Moments: The Walnut Lane Bridge", Discovery, Innovation, and Risk: Cade Studies in Science and Technology M.I.T. Press, 1993. 202-214. 12. ^"Banking Official Plunges to Death from High Span," Philadelphia Inquirer, 11 June 1911, p. 1. 13. ^"Quiet Observer," Beehive, 23, no. 4 (August 1933), p. 22. 14. ^Walnut Lane Bridge website External links
12 : Concrete bridges in Pennsylvania|Bridges completed in 1908|Bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Philadelphia|Open-spandrel deck arch bridges in the United States|Road bridges in Pennsylvania|Historic American Engineering Record in Pennsylvania|Philadelphia Register of Historic Places|Pennsylvania state historical marker significations|Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania|1908 establishments in Pennsylvania|Bridges in Philadelphia|Wissahickon Valley Park |
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