| 词条 | William M'Intosh |
| 释义 |
LifeHe was born in St Andrews on 10 October 1838 the son of Baillie John McIntosh and his wife, Eliza Mitchell. He studied Medicine at St Andrews University 1853 to 1857. He was licensed by the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh in 1860, as the local licensing body. He then began working at Murray Royal Asylum near Perth, where he remained for three years before moving to the Murthly Asylum nearby in 1863.[2] McIntosh worked as Medical Superintendent of Murthly for eighteen years, leaving in 1882 to take on a Professorship at St Andrews University, reflecting his strong interest and knowledge in Natural History. In this latter field he gained distinction as a renowned botanist and marine biologist, travelling on HMS Challenger during the Challenger expedition of 1872 to 1876.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}. He was professor of natural history at St Andrews University from 1882 to 1917, succeeded by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson. He was also director of the university museum and was the first director of the university's Gatty Marine Laboratory (founded 1896). McIntosh was also a fellow of the Linnean Society of London, a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and a corresponding member of the Zoological Society. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1877,[3] and was awarded the Royal Society's Royal Medal in 1899: "For his important monographs on British marine zoology and on the fishing industries." He received the honorary degree Doctor of laws (LL.D.) from the University of St Andrews in 1900,[4] and was awarded the Linnean Medal in 1924. He died in St Andrews on 1 April 1931. FamilyHe was the only son and had five sisters; he never married. At the suggestion of his mother in 1863 his next youngest sister Agnes (1 September 1840-24 March 1923) lived with him as his housekeeper. They moved to Murthly in 1864 when William was appointed Superintendent of the Perth District Asylum and they remained there until 1882.[5] His youngest sister, Roberta (19 January 1843-2 September 1869), married the zoologist Albert Gunther.[6] PublicationsHe published two major works in his life, A Monograph of the British Annelids[7] (1873 - 1915) in four parts and nine volumes and The Marine Invertebrates and Fishes of St. Andrews [8](1875) {{blockquote|... Reports on important collections made during various cruises under Government and other auspices have largely occupied the attention of Professor McIntosh. Annelids from Canada, Kerguelen's Island (Transit of Venus Expedition), from the Polar Sea (British North Polar Expedition), and extensive collections made by the " Valorous " and the " Porcupine " have passed under his skilled examination; but his greatest achievement of this kind is the ponderous volume dealing with the collection brought home by H.M.S. Challenger,—a volume which the late Dr. W. B. Carpenter prophesied would "mark an era in our knowledge of this important division of the Marine Invertebrata." Extending to almost six hundred pages, and embracing nearly a hundred exquisite plates, it forms one the most valuable of the great " Challenger " series, and occupied nearly seven years in its preparation.[9]}}References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Waterston|first1=Charles D|last2=Macmillan Shearer|first2=A|title=Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783-2002: Biographical Index|url=http://www.rse.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf|accessdate=30 December 2011|volume=II|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-902198-84-5}} 2. ^{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}} 3. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1098/rspb.1932.0031 | title = Obituary Notices | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | volume = 110 | issue = 768 | pages = i–c | year = 1932 | pmid = | pmc = }} 4. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=University intelligence |day_of_week=Monday |date=26 February 1900 |page_number=8 |issue=36075|}} 5. ^{{cite book |first=Lyn |last=Mitchell |title="To Sup with a Fifer" The Mitchells of St Andrews |publisher=Lyn Mitchell (self-publish) |isbn=0-9580212-0-1 |page= 14}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}} 7. ^{{Cite book|title = A monograph of the British marine annelids|url = https://archive.org/details/monographofbriti01mcin|publisher = London, The Ray society|date = 1873-01-01|first = William Carmichael|last = McIntosh}} 8. ^{{Cite web|title = The marine invertebrates and fishes of St. Andrews. By W.C. McIntosh - Biodiversity Heritage Library|url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/11721#/summary|website = www.biodiversitylibrary.org|access-date = 2016-02-10}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Prince, Edward E.|authorlink=Edward Ernest Prince|title=A great Scottish naturalist: notes on the scientific labours of professor McIntosh, F.R.S., of St. Andrews|year=1893|pages=1–13|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=aeu.ark:/13960/t6j10hq1v;view=1up;seq=13|postscript=; quote pp. 8–9}} External links
19 : Scottish marine biologists|Marine zoologists|Scottish zoologists|1838 births|1931 deaths|Scottish botanists|Scottish curators|Scottish psychiatrists|Fellows of the Linnean Society of London|Fellows of the Royal Society|Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|Royal Medal winners|Academics of the University of St Andrews|Alumni of the University of St Andrews|Alumni of the University of Edinburgh|People from St Andrews|People educated at Madras College|19th-century British zoologists|19th-century Scottish medical doctors |
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