| 词条 | New economy |
| 释义 |
The new economy is the result of the transition from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy. This particular use of the term was popular during the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. The high growth, low inflation and high employment of this period led to overly optimistic predictions and many flawed business plans.[2][3][4] OriginsA 1983 cover article in Time, "The New Economy", described the transition from heavy industry to a new technology based economy.[5] By 1997, Newsweek was referring to the "new economy" in many of its articles.[6] After a nearly 25-year period of unprecedented growth, the United States experienced a much discussed economic slowdown beginning in 1972. However, around 1995, U.S. economic growth accelerated, driven by faster productivity growth. From 1972 to 1995, the growth rate of output per hour, a measure of labor productivity, had only averaged around one-percent per year. But by the mid 1990s, growth became much faster: 2.65 percent from 1995–99.[7] America also experienced increased employment and decreasing inflation. The economist Robert J. Gordon referred to this as a Goldilocks economy—-the result of five positive "shocks"—–"the two traditional shocks (food-energy and imports) and the three new shocks (computers, medical care, and measurement)"[8] Other economists pointed to the ripening benefits of the computer age, being realized after a delay much like that associated with the delayed benefits of electricity shortly after the turn of the twentieth century. Gordon contended in 2000, that the benefits of computers were marginal or even negative for the majority of firms, with their benefits being consolidated in the computer hardware and durable goods manufacturing sectors, which only represent a relatively small segment of the economy. His method relied on applying considerably sized gains in the business cycle to explain aggregate productivity growth.[9] According to another point of view, the "new economy" is a current Kondratiev wave which will end after a 50-year period in the 2040s. Its innovative basis includes Internet, nanotechnologies, telematics and bionics.[10] Dot-comsIn the financial markets, the term has been associated{{by whom?|date=October 2018}} with the Dot-com bubble. This included the emergence of the NASDAQ as a rival to the New York Stock Exchange, a high rate of IPOs, the rise of Dot-com stocks over established firms, and the prevalent use of tools such as stock options. In the wider economy the term has been associated with practices such as outsourcing, business process outsourcing and business process re-engineering. At the same time,{{when?|date=October 2018}} there was a lot of investment in companies in the technology sector. Stock shares rose dramatically. A lot of start-ups were created and the stock value was very high where floated. Newspapers and business leaders{{which?|date=October 2018}} were starting to talk of new business models. Some{{who?|date=October 2018}} even claimed that the old laws of economics did not apply anymore and that new laws had taken their place{{Citation needed|date= January 2011}}. They also claimed that improvements in computer hardware and software would dramatically change the future, and that information is the most important value in the new economy. Some, such as Joseph Stiglitz and Blake Belding, have suggested that a lot of investment in information technology, especially in software and unused fibre optics, was useless. However, this may{{or|date=October 2018}} be too harsh a judgment, given that U.S. investment in information technology has remained relatively strong since 2002. While there may have been some overinvestment, productivity research shows that much of the investment has been useful in raising output.{{cn|date=October 2018}} The recession of 2001 disproved many of the more extreme predictions made during the boom years, and gave credence to Gordon's minimization of computers' contributions. However, subsequent research {{Citation needed|date= July 2010}} strongly{{quantify|date=October 2018}} suggests that productivity growth has been stimulated by heavy investment in information and communication technology. New kinds of companies{{unreferenced section|date=March 2015}}
See also
References1. ^Current account balance, U.S. dollars, Billions from International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook Database. Report for Selected Countries and Subjects. April 2008 2. ^Mystery Solved. Newsweek, Jan 28, 2001. 3. ^Top 10 Buzzwords. By Kent German. A CNET article (2001) joking at the "new economy" beliefs. 4. ^[https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/10.07/Myth.html The New Economy Was a Myth, Right? Wrong.] By James Surowiecki. [https://www.wired.com Wired] article on the aftermath of the [dot-com bubble] criticizing the new economy critics. 5. ^The New EconomyBy Charles P. Alexander Monday. Time magazine, May 30, 1983. 6. ^Newsweek / The Daily Beast. 7. ^Gordon, Robert J. (2000), "Interpreting the 'One Big Wave' in U.S. Long-term Productivity Growth," Productivity, Technology and Economic Growth, v. 1. 8. ^Foundations of the Goldilocks Economy: Supply Shocks and the Time-Varying NAIRU. By Robert J. Gordon. Northwestern University and NBER. February 3, 1999 revision of the paper presented at Brookings Panel on Economic Activity, Washington, D.C., September 4, 1998. 9. ^Gordon, Robert J. (2000), "Does the 'New Economy' Measure up to the Great Inventions of the Past?," The Journal of Economic Perspectives, v. 14, pp. 49–74. 10. ^On the way of the "New economy": conceptions of Russia’s innovational evolution / “The State and The Society”. By Ashot Grigoryan. International conference, Moscow, 2005, p. 82–85. Further reading
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