词条 | Newent |
释义 |
|country = England |coordinates = {{coord|51.9302|-2.4048|display=inline,title}} |official_name= Newent |static_image_name=OMH-Newent.jpg |static_image_caption= The Market House, Newent |constituency_westminster= Forest of Dean |post_town= NEWENT |postcode_district = GL18 |postcode_area= GL |dial_code= 01531 |os_grid_reference= SO7225 |population= 5,207 |civil_parish= Newent |shire_district= Forest of Dean |shire_county = Gloucestershire |region= South West England }} Newent (originally called "Noent") is a small market town and civil parish about {{convert|10.6|mi|km}} north west of Gloucester in Gloucestershire, England.[1] Its population at the 2001 census was 5,073, increasing to 5,207 at the 2011 census.[2] The town's site has been settled since at least Roman times and appears first in the historical record in the Domesday Book.[3] It was a Medieval market and fair town. EtymologyNoent, the original name for Newent, may mean "new place" in Celtic.[4] It also may mean "new inn" to reference lodging for travellers to Wales, according to John Leland (c. 1503 – 1552).[5] According to Leland, there was a house called "New Inn", later named The Boothall, that provided lodging along the road to Wales.[5][6]{{efn|There was a house named Boothall on Lewall Street that was owned by members of the Richardson family in the late 18th century and early 19th century.[7][8] Lewall Street is located between High Street and Court Lane, north of Broad Street.[9]}} GeographyNewent is on the northern edge of the Forest of Dean, and within the Forest of Dean District.[5] It is southeast of the River Wye, which was connected, via Newent, to Gloucester in the late 18th century by the Herefordshire and Gloucestershire Canal, which was {{convert|34|mile|km}} long.[10][11][12] HistoryRomano-British periodA Roman road was constructed between Newent and Ariconium, near what is now Ross-on-Wye.[13] Within {{convert|1.3|km|mile}} of Newent, there were several metal working sites used by the Romans. Aside from the metal working sites, evidence of Romano-British settlement was seen within that area and up to 56 sites within {{convert|10|km|mile}} of Newent. Archaeological evidence includes old Roman coins and pottery found near Newent, Roman coins and treasure found at Little Gorsley, and a settlement at Dymock.[14] Newent PrioryA cell to the Cormeilles Abbey, founded in Normandy in 1060 by William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford, was established in the village. The abbey received an endowment from him which included the manor of Newent and the surrounding woods, and the church and its income, as well as other properties that he owned in England.[15] The Benedictine priory became part of the college of Fotheringhay after the suppression of alien priories[5] during the wars with France. The priory was located on the site now occupied by The Court House, adjacent to the parish church. Domesday BookThe Domesday Book (1086) shows that in 1066 the lord of Newent, then spelled Noent, was Edward the Confessor and 20 years later the Cormeilles Abbey was the tenant-in-chief and one of the lords. Other lords were Durand of Gloucester (brother of Roger de Pitres) and William son of Baderon (William fitzBaderon). With 34.5 households, it was located within the Botloe Hundred of Gloucestershire. There were 10.5 villagers, 19 smallholders, four slaves and one reeve. There were four lord's plough teams, 19 men's plough teams, and three mills.[16] St MarySt Mary the Virgin, of the Church of England,[17] is a Grade I listed building.[18] Located on Church Street,[17] it dates from the 13th century but the site has been used since the Anglo-Saxon period. St Mary's Church has stained glass windows from the famous company of Clayton and Bell.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} Set on a {{convert|65|ft|m}} tower with eight bells, is a {{convert|88|ft|m}} spire. The church's organ was built in 1737 by Thomas Warne, a resident of the town.[18] Market and fair townHenry III approved of an annual fair in 1226 and additionally allowed for a weekly market beginning in 1253.[15] Located in the town is a half-timbered market house. 19th centuryIn 1848, there was a population of 3,099, and 1,454 people who lived in the town, which was a reduction from earlier periods. There were mineral springs near the canal.[5][19] The Herefordshire and Gloucestershire Canal between Gloucester and Ledbury closed on 30 June 1881 and the section between Ledbury and Gloucester was converted into a railway line. This line, which was a branch of the Great Western Railway, opened on 27 July 1885.[20][21] (The line closed in 1959,[22] but the canal, is now being restored.[10][11][12]) Historic placesNewent is home to many historical buildings, including the stilted Market House, and a number of other black and white, half-timbered buildings that are typical of the Gloucestershire/Herefordshire borders. Behind Church Street, a former museum of Victorian life called the Shambles was home to a replica 19th-century street that is now occupied by real traders. More than 50 buildings and monuments in the town centre are listed by Historic England, including most of the buildings on Church Street. Among the others are, Devonia, on High Street, a Grade II-listed house dating back to the Georgian period.[23] The early 18th Century Court House, situated in a small park adjacent to the parish church, is built on the site of the ancient priory and is reputed to contain the foundations of the former building. The house contains a number of historic features including a very fine Rococo plaster ceiling and several complete panelled rooms. The building was restored by Mr R V Morris , the Chairman of Gloucester Civic Trust. Joe Meek's birthplace, in Market Square, is commemorated with a blue plaque. TransportationThe nearest station is Ledbury on the Cotswold Line. The main bus routes through and the town connect it to Ross and Gloucester.[24] Foley Road has been claimed as the longest cul-de-sac in Europe,[25] though recent construction may have ended the road's claim. Formerly on the Ledbury and Gloucester Railway which was served by Newent railway station. It opened in 1885 and served the town of Newent. It was closed for passengers in 1959, but the line remained open for freight traffic until 1964.[26] It was located opposite what is now the Newent fire station. The buttresses of the Station Bridge can be seen intact on nearby Old Station Road. AttractionsNewent is home to the National Birds of Prey Centre, located just east of the neighbouring village of Cliffords Mesne, a vineyard (The Three Choirs), and is at the centre of the Golden Triangle, so called because of the preponderance of daffodils in the surrounding area. The town holds an onion fayre each September, at which there are competitions for growing onions and for eating onions. CultureThe town is home to an orchestra, founded in 1940[27], a choral society[28], and several other amateur musical and performing groups. Traditionally, May Day has been celebrated by morris dancing on the summit of nearby May Hill at dawn, after which the dancers would process into Newent.[29] From 2007, a Joe Meek festival was held in venues around the town. The event ended in 2014. [30] The Onion Fayre is now the town's principal annual event. The Fayre, which includes an onion show and onion eating competitions, was started in 1996 as a restaging of an historic local agricultural fair that died out around the time of World War I. It now claims to be the largest free, one-day festival in Gloucestershire, attracting up to 15,000 visitors to the town on the second Saturday in September.[31] Artist Paul Nash took a collection of photographs around Carswalls Farm, Upleadon, Newent in the late 1930s or early 1940s, that are held in the archives of the Tate.[32] EducationEducational commissioners during the reign of Edward VI (1547–53) noted the lack of educational opportunities in Newent. Gloucestershire commissioners reported that Newent was a market town with over 500 inhabitants but "all the youth of a great distance therehence rudely brought up and in no manner of knowledge and learning, where were a place meet to ... erect a school for the better and more godly bringing up of the same youth".[33] Newent is now served by three schools, two of which have federated, all within the town. The federation of Glebe Infant School and Picklenash Junior School provides primary education, while Newent Community School provides both secondary and tertiary education for ages 11 upwards. Sports and recreation
Notable people
Notes{{Notelist}}References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Gloucester,+United+Kingdom/51.9302,-2.4048/@51.8946757,-2.4654035,11z/am=t/data=!4m8!4m7!1m5!1m1!1s0x4870fdfbf6ebf2cf:0xec709b9621e819cf!2m2!1d-2.238156!2d51.8642449!1m0?hl=en|title=Directions: Newent to Gloucester|website=Google maps|date=24 June 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11126914&c=Newent&d=16&e=62&g=6427341&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1427539057614&enc=1|title=Town population 2011|accessdate= 28 March 2015}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://opendomesday.org/place/SO7225/newent/|title=Newent {{!}} Domesday Book|last=Powell-Smith|first=Anna|website=opendomesday.org|access-date=15 February 2018}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=A. D. Mills|title=A Dictionary of British Place-Names|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=br8xcW1f_a8C&pg=PT891|date=9 October 2003|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-157847-2|page=PT891}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{citation|chapter=Newchurch - Newington|title= A Topographical Dictionary of England|editor= Samuel Lewis |location=London|year= 1848|pages=389–393|via=British History Online |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp389-393 |accessdate= 24 June 2017}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=Gloucestershire Notes and Queries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OsQxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA95|year=1884|page=95|chapter=The Boothall, Newent}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/d127b4fa-9825-4c9f-8b87-6401d8b27f1f|title=Lease, release and assignment of term of 1000 years to attend the inheritance. Reference D2957/212/28|website=The National Archives|date=24 June 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/d6d76c28-cbf7-4eff-85b6-ffadccd5b2b4|title=Deed of gift. Reference D2957/212/29|website=The National Archives|date=24 June 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://issuu.com/henrytaj/docs/newenttownguide|title=Newent Town Guide 2011–2012|publisher=Heritage Guides|year=2011|location=Barry, Vale of Glamorgan|pages=10–11, 12|via=issuu.com|accessdate=24 June 2017}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.h-g-canal.org.uk/html/Map/Map.html|title=Map|website=Hereford & Gloucester Canal Trust|accessdate=24 June 2017}} 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.h-g-canal.org.uk/html/Restoration/Oxenhall/Oxenhall.html|title=Oxenhall|website=Hereford & Gloucester Canal Trust|accessdate=24 June 2017}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3536309|title=Hereford & Gloucester Canal - Oxenhall Lock and lock house (SO7126)|website=Geograph|accessdate=24 June 2017}} 13. ^{{cite book|author=A. G. Bradley|title=Herefordshire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eDyHpFnBDrkC&pg=PA117|date=22 November 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-67886-6|page=117}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.archiuk.com/cgi-bin/web-archi.pl?PlacenameFromPlacenameFinder=Newent&CountyFromPlacenameFinder=Gloucestershire&distance=10000&ARCHIFormNGRLetter=SO&ARCHIFormNGR_x=72&ARCHIFormNGR_y=25&info2search4=placename_search#roman|title=Newent, Gloucestershire|website=ARCHI UK Archaeological Sites|accessdate=23 June 2017}} 15. ^1 {{citation|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/glos/vol2/pp105-106|chapter=Alien houses: The Priory at Newent|title=A History of the County of Gloucester|volume=2|editor=William Page|location=London|publisher=Victoria County History|year= 1907|pages=105–106|via=British History Online| accessdate=23 June 2017}} 16. ^{{OpenDomesday|SO7225|newent|accessdate=23 June 2017}} 17. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.achurchnearyou.com/newent-st-mary-the-virgin/|title=St Mary the Virgin, Newent|website=A Church Near You|accessdate=26 June 2017}} 18. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/services-skills/grants/visit/st-mary-newent-gl18-1ab/|title=St Mary, Newent|website=Historic England|accessdate=26 June 2017}} 19. ^{{cite book|author=Augustus Bozzi Granville|title=Southern spas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U5tN2qs9_nEC&pg=PA343|year=1841|publisher=H. Colburn|page=343}} 20. ^{{cite magazine|title=The Gloucester and Ledbury Branch|author=J. E. Morris|magazine=Railway Magazine|date=April 1958}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://htt.herefordshire.gov.uk/herefordshires-past/the-post-medieval-period/transport/canals/the-hereford-and-gloucester-canal/|title=The Hereford and Gloucester canal|author=Miranda Greene|year=2003|work=Herefordshire Through Time, Herefordshire Council|accessdate=24 June 2017}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://htt.herefordshire.gov.uk/1223.aspx|title=The Ledbury and Gloucester railway|author=Miranda Greene|year=2003|work=Herefordshire Through Time, Herefordshire Council|accessdate=24 June 2017}} 23. ^{{Cite web|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1152034|title=DEVONIA, Newent - 1152034 {{!}} Historic England|last=England|first=Historic|website=historicengland.org.uk|access-date=2019-02-21}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://bustimes.org/services/32-gloucester-highnam-newent-ross-on-wye|title=32 - Ross-on-Wye - Gorsley - Newent - Highnam - Gloucester – Stagecoach in Gloucester – Bus Times|website=bustimes.org|access-date=2019-03-07}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.royalforestofdean.info/leadon-vale/newent.shtml|title=Newent in the Vale of Leadon Gloucestershire Tour and Tourist Information Guide|website=royalforestofdean.info|accessdate=19 September 2018}} 26. ^http://www.subbrit.org.uk/sb-sites/stations/b/barbers_bridge/index.shtml 27. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.newentorchestra.org/|title=Newent Orchestra|website=Newent Orchestra|language=en|access-date=2019-03-07}} 28. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.freewebs.com/newentchoralsoc/|title=Newent & District Choral Society ::|website=www.freewebs.com|access-date=2019-03-07}} 29. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.wyenot.com/mayhill.htm|title=May Hill - Wyenot.com local places of scenic interest.|website=www.wyenot.com|access-date=2019-03-07}} 30. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.newent-online.co.uk/local-information/joe-meek/|title=Joe Meek {{!}} Newent Online {{!}} Find What's on in Newent & Add Your Own Event|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-07}} 31. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.newentonionfayre.net/index.php/origins-of-the-onion-fayre/about-the-onion-fayre|title=about the onion fayre|website=www.newentonionfayre.net|access-date=2019-03-07}} 32. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/archive/items/tga-7050ph-1132/nash-black-and-white-negative-fallen-trees-carswalls-farm|title=‘Black and white negative, fallen trees, Carswalls Farm’, Paul Nash, [c.1938-43] – Tate Archive|last=Tate|website=Tate|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-03-07}} 33. ^Joan Simon, Education and Society in Tudor England, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967, p.229. Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Newent}}
3 : Forest of Dean|Market towns in Gloucestershire|Towns in Gloucestershire |
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