| 词条 | Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway | ||||||
| 释义 |
| box_width = | name = {{nowrap|Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong}} high-speed railway Wuhan–Guangzhou section | color = | logo = ChinaRailwayHighspeed.svg | logo_width = 180px | logo_alt = | image = Wuhan-Guangzhou Railroad.svg | image_width = 300px | image_alt = | caption = | type = High-speed rail | system = | status = Operational | locale = Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong | start = Wuhan | end = Guangzhou South | stations = 18 | routes = | daily_ridership = 56,400[1] | ridership2 = | open = December 26, 2009 (Wuhan–Guangzhou North) January 30, 2010 (Guangzhou North–Guangzhou South) | close = | owner = China Railways | operator = Wuhan Railway Bureau, Guangzhou Railway Corporation | character = | depot = | stock = CRH2C, CRH3C, CRH380A CRH380AL, CRH380BL | linelength = {{convert|968|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} | tracklength = | tracks = | gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|al=on}} | old_gauge = | load_gauge = | minradius = 7,000 meters | maxincline = 20‰ | racksystem = | routenumber = | electrification = | speed = 350 km/h | elevation = | website = | map = {{Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway}} | map_state = collapsed }}{{Infobox Chinese |order=st |s=武广高速铁路 |t=武廣高速鐵路 |p=Wǔguǎng Gāosù Tiělù |j=mou5gwong2 gou1cuk1 tit3lou6 |altname=Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong HSR, Wuhan–Guangzhou section |s2=京广深港高速铁路武广段 |t2=京廣深港高速鐵路武廣段 |p2=Jīngguǎngshēngǎng gāosù tiělù Wǔ-Guǎng duàn |j2=ging1gwong2sam1gong2 gou1cuk1 tit3lou6 mou5gwong2 dyun6 }} The Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway, also called the Wuguang high-speed railway and short for Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway, Wuhan–Guangzhou section, is a {{convert|968|km|adj=on}}[2] high-speed rail line, operated by China Railway High-speed (CRH), connecting Wuhan and Guangzhou, the provincial capitals of Hubei and Guangdong, respectively. It was the world's fastest train service,[3] initially using coupled CRH2C and CRH3C trains which averages {{convert|313|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} in non-stop commercial service. The line is part of the 2230-km long Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway. Rolling stockWhen the line opened, the trains had a maximum in-service speed of {{convert|350|km/h|0|abbr=on}} according to Chinese sources.[3] Each train consists of two eight-car electric multiple units coupled together to make a 16-car train. The passenger capacity of the train is about 1114 (CRH3C×2) or 1220 (CRH2C×2). The trains are based on technology developed by Siemens (China Railways CRH3) and Kawasaki (China Railways CRH2) modified to the standards of China Railway High-speed. The trains used on the line are manufactured in China.[4][6] On December 3, 2010, the new China Railways CRH380A trainset started serving this line.[5] Commercial serviceThe first commercial trains left Wuhan and Guangzhou North at 9:00 am on December 26, 2009, and reached their destinations in three hours, compared with ten and a half hours for the previous service.[6][7] From December 28, 2009,[8] until Guangzhou South Station was opened on January 30, 2010, 28 passenger train services run on the line daily each way. Of these 28 trains, two run between Wuhan and Changsha South, five run between Changsha South and Guangzhou North, and 21 run between Wuhan and Guangzhou North. Nonstop trains, now cancelled, covered the 922-km long journey in a scheduled 02h57m (Southbound) or 02h58m (Northbound).[9] This is an average speed of {{convert|313|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} between stations. Before this line was opened, the fastest commercial train service between stations was the train run between Lorraine TGV and Champagne TGV in France, averaging {{convert|279|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.[10] Guangzhou South Railway Station was opened on January 30, 2010, just before the Chinese New Year. Trains arrive at or depart from Guangzhou South instead of Guangzhou North since then. During the first 56 days in 2010, the railway transported 1.108 million people, or 43 thousand per day. The total ticket income was about ¥700 million, exceeding earlier predictions.[11] More trains have been added to the route since March 3, 2010. Since July 1, 2010, coupled trains have been replaced by single trains, and service frequency were doubled. The two non-stop 03h08m-long services between Wuhan and Guangzhou South had been replaced by six 03h16m-long services with one stop in Changsha South. The 03h16m-long one stop service is denoted with departure time on the hour. I.e. 08:00, 14:00, 16:00. On September 20, 2010, even more trains were added. There were then 75 trains in each direction on weekdays and 80 trains in each direction on weekends. The average train interval had been cut to 11 minutes. On October 1, 2010 during the National holidays, the railway line transported 118 thousand people in a single day.[12] In August 2011 the maximum speed of Chinese high-speed trains was reduced to {{convert|300|km/h|mph|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} following the Wenzhou train collision but was restored to 350km/h in late 2017. In August 2011 the fastest trains between Wuhan and Guangzhou South, with one stop at Changsha South, had a scheduled trip time of 3 hours and 33 minutes.[13] From April 1, 2012, the service was extended with through trains running between Wuhan and Shenzhen North station. Initially there are 10 services each day in each direction with the fastest train (train no G1014) taking 4 hours, 11 minutes.[14] The Futian station which lies further south and even closer to the Hong Kong boundary crossing point still remains uncompleted. No public information can be found concerning how much longer the delay in completion will continue. LineConstruction work began on June 23, 2005. The line cost approximately CN¥116.6 billion.[15] Xu Fangliang was the general engineer in charge of designing the line.[6] {{convert|468|km|abbr=on}} of the railway line is laid on bridges, and {{convert|177|km|abbr=on}} is in tunnels, totaling 2/3 of the entire length. There are 684 bridges and 226 tunnels along the line.[16] The signalling system deployed on the line is CTCS-3.[17]There are eighteen stations on the line. Fourteen of them are opened for passenger service. The northern terminal, Wuhan Railway Station was opened simultaneously with the railway line. Guangzhou South station was opened later on January 30, 2010. Lechang East and Yingde West stations are under construction. Wulongquan East is an overtaking station which is not open for service. On December 9, 2009, a train achieved a top speed of {{convert|394.2|km/h|mph}} and took 02h55m to travel from Guangzhou South to Wuhan during a test run.[6][18] Fare{{main|Fare of passenger trains in China}}The second class fare is about ¥0.465 per kilometer between 0–500 km, ¥0.415 per kilometer between 500–1000 and ¥0.365 per kilometer after 1000 km. The first class fare is 60% higher. Deluxe class is also available on CRH3 trains, which is about 80% higher than second class. Like other train services in China, insurance of ¥0.0011722 per kilometer is included for every ticket. The ratemaking distance is based on the existing Jingguang Railway, not the actual rail distance of the new railway. Hence, though the actual rail distance between Wuhan and Guangzhou South is {{convert|968|km|abbr=on}}, {{convert|1069|km|abbr=on}} is charged. The ticket price between the two terminal stations is ¥490 and ¥780 ($75 and $115 in U.S. currency).[19] CriticismsReaction from existing passengersWith an average speed 4 times faster, the fare for the high-speed railway is also about 4 times of the ordinary railway. Some believe this is too high for the public. RMB490 is about 15% of the average monthly income of workers in Guangzhou.[20] After opening of the high-speed railway, 13 out of 45 ordinary trains were canceled, a decision criticized to have harmed the welfare of low-income workers.[21] Hence, the existing passengers complain that they are "forced to travel high-speed".[22] Many passengers also disliked the cancellation of many of the "conventional" trains that used to provide overnight service between Wuhan and Guangzhou (or between Changsha and Guangzhou). While they were much slower than the new high-speed train, overnight service (which has been much reduced now) provided the convenience of traveling while sleeping.[23] There has also been some vocal criticism of a lack of group discounts, so organised tour operators have to pay full fares for every tourist, when airlines will offer special discounts. With airlines reducing services on the high-speed routes, high-speed rail is the only effective time option during the short holiday breaks, such as Mid-Autumn Festival, May Day and Qing Ming Festival, making such trips more expensive. Reaction from airlinesChina Southern Airlines, a national airline with one of two hubs in Guangzhou, spoke of concern over eroding market share from competition. Thirty-eight of 160 plus China Southern domestic routes will compete with the rail line. The airline has aggressively cut fares, slashing the advance purchase price of flights between Wuhan and Guangzhou by almost half.[24]Tan Wangeng, president of China Southern Airlines, said, "In the long run, the coming of high-speed railway age is an opportunity rather than challenge to our airline company. China Southern is expecting cooperation with the railway company to extend the market and develop more packaged travel products for the passengers."[15] GallerySee also
Notes1. ^http://money.163.com/10/1225/22/6OPHM02A00253B0H.html 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hb.xinhuanet.com/photo/2009-05/04/content_16417769.htm |script-title=zh:“五一”奋战在工地 |publisher=Xinhua News |date=2009-05-04}} 3. ^Wuhan-Guangzhou bullet train link to hit airlines hard, China Daily, 2009-12-26 4. ^1 {{cite news|author=Mitchell, Tom|title=Chinese Harmony train sets speed record|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1eed4d72-f351-11de-a888-00144feab49a.html|date=December 28, 2009|work=Financial Times|accessdate=December 28, 2009}} 5. ^http://travel.sohu.com/20101203/n278095311.shtml 6. ^1 2 3 {{citation | url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-12/26/content_12705875.htm | title = World's fastest rail journey starts operation | publisher = Xinhua | date = December 26, 2009}}. 7. ^{{cite news|title=China unveils 'world's fastest train link'|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iyiGIR1KldxNfneHStjifvaiOQiQ|date=December 26, 2009|publisher=AFP via Google|accessdate=December 26, 2009}} 8. ^Timetable was slightly different on December 26 and 27. 9. ^In the first day of its service on December 26, train G1001 finished the 922-km distance in 02h48m, and arrived at Guangzhou North ten minutes ahead of schedule, averaging {{convert|329|km/h|abbr=on}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/fileadmin/user_upload/railwaygazette.com/PDF/RailwayGazetteWorldSpeedSurvey2007.pdf |title=TGV Est lifts the record|author=Colin Taylor|publisher=Railway Gazette International|date=September 2007}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2010-03-07/044117177520s.shtml |script-title=zh:武广高铁试运营56天票价收入7亿 |publisher=Sina News |date=2010-03-07}} 12. ^http://hunan.voc.com.cn/article/201010/201010041043326334.html 13. ^http://www.chinatrainguide.com/trainsearch.php?checi=G1005 14. ^http://www.amoytrip.com/shenzhen-wuhan-high-speed-train-operated.html 15. ^1 {{cite news|title=Record-breaking Chinese rail opening piles pressure on airlines|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/recordbreaking-chinese-rail-opening-piles-pressure-on-airlines-1850149.html|date=December 25, 2009|work=The Independent|accessdate=December 26, 2009}} 16. ^http://politics.people.com.cn/GB/14562/10548281.html 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://ccnews.people.com.cn/GB/10549815.html |script-title=zh:跑出394公里时速 “武广”创世界高铁速度之最] |date=2009-12-10}} 18. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YY_cF2Snihs Video of trial run. View of speedometer at 1m22s ] 19. ^{{cite news |script-title=zh:武广高铁票价定为780 490|url=http://news.cctv.com/society/20091213/101077.shtml|publisher=CCTV (CCTV.com)|accessdate=December 26, 2009}} 20. ^{{cite web |script-title=zh:去年广州职工平均工资49215元 比上海低1.4万|url=http://nf.nfdaily.cn/nfdsb/content/2010-07/20/content_13940776.htm|accessdate=May 11, 2011}} 21. ^{{citation | url = http://big5.ce.cn/gate/big5/views.ce.cn/view/economy/200912/26/t20091226_20693660.shtml |script-title=zh:准备迈入高铁时代，需要警惕"被高速" | publisher = Xinhua Daily Telegraph | date = February 7, 2010}} 22. ^{{citation | url = http://big5.ce.cn/gate/big5/views.ce.cn/view/economy/200912/26/t20091226_20693660.shtml |script-title=zh:高鐵來了我"被高速"了 | publisher = {{lang|zh-hant|中國經濟網}} | date = February 7, 2010}} 23. ^{{citation|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/04/05/000333038_20120405014021/Rendered/PDF/667980BRI0P12500Speed0Rail0Final0EN.pdf|periodical=China Transport Topics |issue=04 (February)|year= 2012|title=High-Speed Rail – The First Three Years: Taking the Pulse of China’s Emerging Program|first=Richard|last= Bullock|first2= Andrew|last2= Salzberg|first3= Ying|last3= Jin|publisher=World Bank Office, Beijing|pages=3–4}} 24. ^{{citation | url = http://www.chinapost.com.tw/china/local-news/beijing/2009/12/27/238170/Wuhan-Guangzhou-bullet.htm | title = Wuhan-Guangzhou bullet train link to hit airlines hard | work= The China Post| date = December 27, 2009}}. References{{reflist|2}}External links
5 : High-speed railway lines in China|Rail transport in Hubei|Rail transport in Hunan|Rail transport in Guangdong|Standard gauge railways in China |
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