“Zakhchin”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Zakhchin

释义

History
Clans
Number
Famous Zakhchins in modern Mongolia
References
Literature

{{Infobox ethnic group
|group = Zakhchin
|image = Mongolia XVI.png
|caption = Location of the Zakhchin
|pop = 32,845
|region1 = {{flagcountry|Mongolia}}
|pop1 = 32,845
|ref1 = ^[1]
|region2 =
|pop2 =
|ref2 =
|region3 =
|pop3 =
|ref3 =
|languages = Zakhchin dialect of Oirat language
|religions = Tibetan Buddhism, Shamanism
|related=Mongols, especially Oirats
}}

The Zakhchin ({{lang-mn|Захчин}}) is a subgroup of the Oirats residing in Khovd Province, Mongolia.

Zakhchin means 'Border people'. They are so called because they originated from the border garrison (mainly from Torghud, Dörbet, Ööld) of Dzungar Empire. They originally speak the Zakhchin dialect of the Oirat language, but actually pure Oirat language is used by elder generations, younger generations use a dialect being under a strong Khalkh influence.

History

The Zakhchins conquered by the Manchus of the Qing dynasty in 1754 and controlled by Zasagt Khan aimag's Tsevdenjav gün, then moved to Zereg and Shar Khulsan. One khoshuu with 4(+1) sums were designated for them and noble Maamad (Mamuud) zaisan became the chieftain but Mamuud killed by Zungharian king Amarsanaa later and the Zakhchins revolted together Amarsanaa against the Qing dynasty.

The sums were:

Bichgiin meeren's sum (in modern Mankhan, Khovd province)
Güüj zan's sum (in modern Altai and part of Must, Khovd province)
Baljinnyam zahiragch sum (in modern Zereg and parts of Mankhan in Khovd province)
Jantsandorj's sum or Hoit (North) sum (in modern Mankhan, Khovd province)
Guniikhen (in modern Uyench, Khovd province)

Administrative center was in Hoit sum's Tögrög Hüree.

During Bogd Khaanate Mongolia, Zakhchin was subject to Dörbet Ünen Zorigt Khan aimag. The south khoshuu is called goviinkhon (people of Gobi), while the north is called shiliinkhen (people of mountain range).

Clans

Zakhchin has 16 tamga (seal) and 30 clans {{Citation needed|date=December 2007}}. Some of them are:

Donjooniikhon
Damjaaniikhan
Shurdaankhan
Baykhiinkhan
Emchiinkhen
Khereid
Tsagaan Yas
Aatiinkhan
Dumiyenkhen
Burd Tariachin
Adsagiinkhan
Tavagzaaniikhan
Nokhoikhon
Khotonguud
Khurmshtiinkhan
Mukhlainkhan

Number

The Zakhchin numbered 29,800 in 2000.^[2]

Famous Zakhchins in modern Mongolia

Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, who is current President of Mongolia
Damdingiin Demberel, who is current speaker of State Parliament
Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal, who is former Prime Minister of Mongolia

References

1. ^National Census 2010
2. ^Хойт С.К. Последние данные по локализации и численности ойрат // Проблемы этногенеза и этнической культуры тюрко-монгольских народов. Вып. 2. Элиста: Изд-во КГУ, 2008. с. 136-157. - in Russian.

Literature

[hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2008_r.htm Хойт С.К. Антропологические характеристики калмыков по данным исследователей XVIII-XIX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. № 1. Элиста: Изд-во КГУ, 2008. с. 220-243.]
[hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2012_r.htm Хойт С.К. Калмыки в работах антропологов первой половины XX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. № 3, 2012. с. 215-245.]

Zakhchiny tüükh soël, öv ulamzhlal. Iadamzhav, ed. Ulaanbaatar : Soëmbo Printing KhKhK, 2014. {{ISBN|9789996228612}}

3 : Mongols|Mongol peoples|Ethnic groups in Mongolia

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