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词条 2012 California Proposition 34
释义

  1. Background

  2. Proponents

  3. Opponents

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Infobox referendum
| name = Proposition 34
| title = Repeal of Proposition 17 (Death Penalty)
| yes = 3541199
| no = 8789890
| total = 12331089
| electorate = 18245970
| map = 2012CaliforniaProposition34.svg
| mapdivision =
| notes = Source: California Secretary of State[1]
}}{{use mdy dates|date=August 2014}}{{ElectionsCA}}

Proposition 34 was a California ballot measure that was decided by California voters at the statewide election on November 6, 2012. It sought to repeal Proposition 17, originally passed by voters in 1972, thus abolishing the death penalty in California.

The proposition was defeated 52% against to 48% in favor,[2] despite the fact that supporters had spent 6 times more money in the campaign than opponents.[3]

Background

A coalition of law enforcement officials, murder victims’ family members, and wrongly convicted people launched the initiative campaign for the “Savings, Accountability, and Full Enforcement for California Act”, or SAFE California, Prop. 34.[3] If it had been passed by California voters on November 6, 2012, Prop. 34 would have replaced the death penalty with life imprisonment without the possibility of parole, require people sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole to work in order to pay restitution to victims’ families, and allocate approximately $30 million per year for three years to police departments for the purpose of solving open murder and rape cases.[4] Prop. 34 was ahead in the most recent Los Angeles Times poll when voters heard about "the financial ramifications and details of [Prop. 34's] effect on prisoners."[5]

On March 1, 2012, the SAFE California Campaign submitted 799,589 signatures to qualify for the election on November 6, 2012.[6] On April 23, 2012 California Secretary of State Debra Bowen announced that the initiative had been approved and would be on the November ballot.[7]

Proponents

Proponents of Prop. 34 cite the cost of implementing the death penalty as a major motivating factor behind the initiative.[8] A 2011 study by former prosecutor and federal judge Arthur Alarcón indicates that California has spent approximately $4 billion to execute 13 people since the death penalty was reinstated.[9] The Legislative Analyst's Office official analysis of the proposition shows that Prop. 34 will likely save taxpayers over 100 million dollars per year.[10]

Proponents of Prop. 34 also cite the possibility of executing an innocent person as a major motivating factor behind the initiative.[11] A recently released study by the Chief Justice Earl Warren Institute on Law and Social Policy at University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, shows that California's rate of wrongful convictions is the highest in the nation.[12]

Supporters of Prop. 34 include:

  • The California Democratic Party[13]
  • The California Nurses Association[13]
  • The League of Women Voters of California[13]
  • The California State NAACP[13]
  • All the bishops of the Roman Catholic Church in California.[14]
  • All the bishops of the Episcopal Church in California.[15]
  • Jeanne Woodford, the former Warden of San Quentin State Prison who presided over four executions;[16]
  • Gil Garcetti, the former District Attorney of Los Angeles County;[17]
  • Franky Carrillo[18] and Obie Anthony,[19] who were wrongly convicted of murder and spent decades in prison before their exoneration;
  • Deldelp Medina[20] and Aqeela Sherrills,[21] family members of murder victims;
  • Don Heller,[22] the author of the 1978 initiative that expanded the use of the death penalty in California;[23]
  • Ron Briggs,[24] a main proponent of the 1978 initiative that expanded the use of the death penalty in California.[23][25]

Opponents

Some Prop. 34 detractors do not believe the studies that indicate that the death penalty in California is more expensive than life in prison without the possibility of parole.[26] Others admit that the system is broken, but hold out hope that it can be fixed, despite the fact that "reform attempts have failed to make it past the California State Legislature."[27]

When proposition 34 was defeated, Michael Rushford, a death penalty supporter, said the election was a call for California officials to "streamline the appeals process, expand the pool of defense attorneys qualified to handle capital cases, and execute inmates with a single lethal drug instead of the three-drug mixture now used".[28]

References

1. ^{{cite web |title=Statement of Vote - November 6, 2012, General Election |date=November 6, 2012 |url=https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/prior-elections/statewide-election-results/general-election-november-6-2012/statement-vote/ |accessdate=February 5, 2019 }}
2. ^{{cite web |url= http://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2012-general/06-sov-summary.pdf |page=13 |format=PDF |title=Statement of Vote – November 6, 2012, General Election |website=California Secretary of State Debra Bowen |accessdate=December 31, 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.safecalifornia.org/about |title=Supporters |website=SAFE California |accessdate=August 24, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826160730/http://www.safecalifornia.org/about |archivedate=August 26, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.safecalifornia.org/facts/about |title=Archived copy |website=SAFE California |accessdate=2012-11-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111211116/http://www.safecalifornia.org/facts/about |archivedate=November 11, 2012 |df=mdy }}
5. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-poll-death-penalty-20121026,0,7370020.story |title=Support for end to California death penalty surges |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215212558/http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-poll-death-penalty-20121026%2C0%2C7370020.story |archivedate=December 15, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}
6. ^{{cite news | url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/california-politics/2012/03/death-penalty-opponents-move-closer-to-november-ballot-initiative.html | work=Los Angeles Times | title=Death penalty opponents move closer to November ballot initiative | date=March 1, 2012 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113215625/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/california-politics/2012/03/death-penalty-opponents-move-closer-to-november-ballot-initiative.html | archivedate=November 13, 2012 | df=mdy-all }}
7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/ballot-measures/qualified-ballot-measures.htm |title=Qualified Statewide Ballot Measures |website= www.sos.ca.gov |date= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829201803/http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/ballot-measures/qualified-ballot-measures.htm |archivedate=August 29, 2012 |accessdate=July 23, 2017 }}
8. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.safecalifornia.org/facts/savings |title=Costs & Savings |website=SAFE California |date= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115165337/http://www.safecalifornia.org/facts/savings |archivedate=January 15, 2013 |accessdate=July 23, 2017 }}
9. ^{{cite news| url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jun/20/local/la-me-adv-death-penalty-costs-20110620 | work=Los Angeles Times | first=Carol J. | last=Williams | title=Death penalty costs California $184 million a year, study says | date=June 20, 2011}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=http://vig.cdn.sos.ca.gov/2012/general/pdf/34-title-summ-analysis.pdf |title=Death Penalty. Initiative Statute |website= vig.cdn.sos.ca.gov |accessdate=July 23, 2017 }}
11. ^{{cite news|url= http://www.safecalifornia.org/facts/innocence |title=Innocence |website=SAFE California |date= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104205001/http://www.safecalifornia.org/facts/innocence |archivedate=November 4, 2012 |accessdate=July 23, 2017 }}
12. ^ {{dead link|date=July 2017}}
13. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.safecalifornia.org/about/other-organizations |title=Endorsements from Organizations and Unions (147) |website=SAFE California |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519162939/http://www.safecalifornia.org/about/other-organizations |archivedate=May 19, 2016 |accessdate=July 23, 2017 }} ]{{dead link|date=July 2017}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cacatholic.org/index.php/issues2/reverence-for-life/death-penalty/538-prop-34-support |title=CA Bishops Support Prop 34 to End the Use of the Death Penalty |website=California Catholic Conference |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007004746/http://www.cacatholic.org/index.php/issues2/reverence-for-life/death-penalty/538-prop-34-support |archivedate=October 7, 2012 |accessdate=July 23, 2017}}
15. ^{{cite web|author=October 10, 2012 |url=http://episcopaldigitalnetwork.com/ens/2012/10/10/california-bishops-release-statement-supporting-proposition-34/ |title=California bishops release statement supporting Proposition 34 |publisher=Episcopaldigitalnetwork.com |date=2012-10-10 |accessdate=2017-07-23}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/enforcement/woodford |title=Jeanne Woodford |website=SAFE California |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620145622/http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/enforcement/woodford |archivedate=June 20, 2012 |accessdate=July 23, 2017}}
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/enforcement/garcetti |title=Gil Garrett |website=SAFE California |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620145622/http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/enforcement/garcetti |archivedate=June 20, 2012 |accessdate=July 23, 2017}}
18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/innocent/carrillo |title=Franky Carrillo, Jr. |website=SAFE California |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620145622/http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/innocent/carrillo |archivedate=June 20, 2012 |accessdate=July 23, 2017}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/innocent/obies-story |title=Pboe Anthony |website=SAFE California |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620145622/http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/innocent/obies-story |archivedate=June 20, 2012 |accessdate=July 23, 2017}}
20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/victims/medina |title=Deldelp Medina |website=SAFE California |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620145622/http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/victims/medina |archivedate=June 20, 2012 |accessdate=July 23, 2017}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/victims/sherrills |title=Aqeela Sherrills |website=SAFE California |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620145622/http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/victims/sherrills |archivedate=June 20, 2012 |accessdate=July 23, 2017}}
22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/new-voices/heller |title=Don Heller |website=SAFE California |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620145622/http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/new-voices/heller |archivedate=June 20, 2012 |accessdate=July 23, 2017}}
23. ^1 {{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/07/us/fighting-to-repeal-california-execution-law-they-championed.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all | work=The New York Times | first=Adam | last=Nagourney | title=Fighting to Repeal California Execution Law They Championed | date=April 6, 2012}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/new-voices/ron-briggs |title=Ron Briggs |website=SAFE California |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620145622/http://www.safecalifornia.org/stories/new-voices/ron-briggs |archivedate=June 20, 2012 |accessdate=July 23, 2017}}
25. ^{{cite news| url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/feb/12/opinion/la-oe-briggs-death-penalty-20120212 | work=Los Angeles Times | first=Ron | last=Briggs | title=California's death penalty law: It simply does not work | date=February 12, 2012}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0412/75540_Page2.html |title=California death penalty on November ballot - Associated Press |publisher=Politico.Com |date= |accessdate=2017-07-23}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.neontommy.com/news/2012/05/cast-converts-rally-around-death-penalty-repeal |title=A Cast Of Converts Rallies Around Death Penalty Repeal |publisher=Neon Tommy |date=2012-05-08 |accessdate=2017-07-23}}
28. ^1 [https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gquIMgeR1ld7hT0r2x5K26IEtwIg?docId=661fb8e4c49646868cd9a158b4eef211 ]{{dead link|date=July 2017}}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20121104112959/http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/propositions/34/ Official CA Voter Information Guide - Proposition 34]
  • Official Yes on Prop 34 website
  • Official No on Prop 34 website
{{CA2012elections}}

3 : 2012 California ballot propositions|Capital punishment in California|Initiatives in the United States
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