| 词条 | Aníbal Pinto |
| 释义 |
| image=Anibal Pinto G..jpg | order=8th | office=President of Chile | term_start=September 18, 1876 | term_end=September 18, 1881 | predecessor=Federico Errázuriz Zañartu | successor=Domingo Santa María | birth_date={{Birth date|1825|3|15|mf=y}} | birth_place=Santiago, Chile | death_date={{Death date and age|1884|6|9|1825|3|15|mf=y}} | death_place=Valparaíso, Chile | spouse=Delfina de la Cruz | party=Liberal | vicepresident= }} Aníbal Pinto Garmendia ({{IPA-es|aˈniβal ˈpinto|am}}; March 15, 1825{{snd}}June 9, 1884) was a Chilean political figure. He served as the president of Chile between 1876 and 1881. Early lifeHe was born in Santiago de Chile, the son of former Chilean president General Francisco Antonio Pinto and of Luisa Garmendia Aldurralde. He completed his studies at the Colegio Argentino de Santiago and the Instituto Nacional. At the age of 20, he joined the foreign service, and was posted as under-secretary to the Chilean Legation to the Holy See. He returned to Chile two years later, in 1850. Two years later, he was elected to the lower house of congress, and was reelected several times. Later, he became a Senator and, in 1861, was named Intendant of Concepción, position that he held for 10 years. There he married Delfina de la Cruz Zañartu, daughter of General José María de la Cruz Prieto and Josefa Zañartu Trujillo. In 1871, President Errázuriz named him minister of war and navy, and, from that position, became one of the contenders for the presidential nomination. He first defeated Miguel Luis Amunátegui in the liberal primaries, and later Benjamín Vicuña in the presidential elections. AdministrationHis government started under the weight of the worst Chilean economic crisis of the 19th century. This was made worse by the floods of 1876, that laid waste to the nascent infrastructure. An earthquake on May 9, 1877, completed the destruction. At this juncture, he declared the non-convertibility of the currency, a measure that prevented a run on the banks and saved the public credit, but caused him the enmity of the opposition. In 1878, he named Viña del Mar as a commune. Nonetheless, the principal crisis of his administration was the outbreak of the War of the Pacific with Peru and Bolivia. He managed to successfully face the first onslaught, at the same time, achieving the all-important Argentinian neutrality. On July 23, 1881, he signed a treaty with Argentina recognising Argentine sovereignty on eastern Patagonia and Eastern Tierra del Fuego but keeping the Strait of Magellan and western Tierra del Fuego under Chilean control. He also managed to obtain the capture of Antofagasta and Tarapacá and used these territories as new sources of revenue to finance the rest of the war. Later lifeAfter his retirement from politics, a debt that he had personally guaranteed forced him to sell all his property, having to move to a very modest house near Victoria square, in Valparaíso. Though he was offered the position of senator or different embassies in Europe, he decided to make do working as a translator for the railroad companies. He died in Valparaíso in 1884. External links{{Commons}}
| title=President of Chile | before=Federico Errázuriz Zañartu | after=Domingo Santa María | years=1876-1881}}{{S-gov}}{{Succession box | title=Minister of War and Navy | before=José Ramón Lira | after=Ignacio Zenteno | years=1871-1875}}{{S-end}}{{Authority control}}{{Presidents of Chile}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pinto, Anibal}} 14 : 1825 births|1884 deaths|Presidents of Chile|Chilean people of Basque descent|Chilean Ministers of Defense|Members of the Senate of Chile|Members of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chilean people of the War of the Pacific|Chilean diplomats|People from Santiago|Liberal Party (Chile, 1849–1966) politicians|Instituto Nacional General José Miguel Carrera alumni|Candidates for President of Chile|Chilean Freemasons |
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