| 词条 | Odantapuri |
| 释义 |
Odantapuri (also called Odantapura or Uddandapura) was a Buddhist Mahavihara in what is now Bihar, India. It was established by the Pala Emperor Gopala I in the 8th century.[1] It is considered the second oldest of India's Mahaviharas after Nalanda University and was situated in Magadha. Acharya Sri Ganga of Vikramashila was a student at this Mahavihara. According to the Tibetan records there were about 12,000 students at Odantapuri which was situated at a mountain called Hiranya Prabhat Parvat and by the bank of the river Panchanan. In the modern era, it is situated in Bihar Sharif, headquarters of Nalanda district. HistoryIn a Tibetan history of the Kalachakra tantra[2] by Ngakwang Künga Sönam, 27th Sakya Trizin ({{bo|w=ngag dbang kun dga' bsod nams}},1597–1659), it is mentioned that Odantapuri was administered by "Sendha-pa", the Tibetan referent for a Śrāvakayāna Buddhist school. According to the Tibetan historian Tāranātha, King Mahāpāla supported 500 Śrāvakasaṅgha bhikshus at Odantapuri. As an annex to this monastery, he built a monastery called Uruvasa, where he supported 500 Sendha-pa or Sendhava Sravaka.[3] During the reign of King Rāmapāla, a thousand monks, belonging to both Hinayana and Mahayana, lived in Odantapuri and occasionally even twelve thousand monks congregated there.[4] According to Peter Skilling, the "Sendha-pa" Śrāvaka-s could possibly have been Sāmmatīya-s since the probable derivation of "Sendha-pa" is from the Sanskrit saindhava or ‘residents of Sindh’ where the Sāmmatīya-s were the predominant school.[5] Tāranātha links the Sendhapa or Sendhava Śrāvaka monks at the Mahabodhi at Bodhgaya to the “Singha Island”, i.e. Sri Lanka, and “other places”.[6] A number of monasteries grew up during the Pala period in ancient Bengal and Magadha. According to Tibetan sources, five great mahaviharas stood out: Vikramashila, the premier university of the era; Nalanda, past its prime but still illustrious, Somapura Mahavihara, Odantapuri, and Jagaddala.[7] The five monasteries formed a network; "all of them were under state supervision" and there existed "a system of co-ordination among them . . it seems from the evidence that the different seats of Buddhist learning that functioned in eastern India under the Pala were regarded together as forming a network, an interlinked group of institutions," and it was common for great scholars to move easily from position to position among them.[8] The university perished, along with Nalanda, at the hands of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji around 1193. Notes1. ^{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |page=34}} 2. ^{{cite web|author1=ngag dbang kun dga' bsod nams|title=༄༅།དཔལ་དུས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོའི་ཟབ་པ་དང་རྒྱ་ཆེ་བའི་དམ་པའི་ཆོས་བྱུང་བའི་ཚུལ་ལེགས་པར་བཤད་པ་ངོ་མཚར་དད་པའི་ཤིང་རྟ་|url=http://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=W29307|website=TBRC|publisher=Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center}} 3. ^Chattopadhyaya, Alaka and Chimpa, Lama, translators. Tāranātha’s History of Buddhism in India, Motilal Books UK, {{ISBN|8120806964}}. 2000: 289. 4. ^Chattopadhyaya, Alaka and Chimpa, Lama, translators. Tāranātha’s History of Buddhism in India, Motilal Books UK, {{ISBN|8120806964}}. 2000: 313. 5. ^Skilling, Peter. “The Saṃskṛtāsaṃskṛtaviniṣcaya of Daśabalaśrīmitra”, Buddhist Studies Review, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1987: 3–23, p. 16. 6. ^Chattopadhyaya, Alaka and Chimpa, Lama, translators. Tāranātha’s History of Buddhism in India, Motilal Books UK, {{ISBN|8120806964}}. 2000: 279. 7. ^Vajrayogini: Her Visualization, Rituals, and Forms by Elizabeth English. Wisdom Publications. {{ISBN|0-86171-329-X}} pg 15 8. ^Buddhist Monks And Monasteries Of India: Their History And Contribution To Indian Culture. by Sukumar Dutt, George Allen and Unwin Ltd, London 1962. pg 352-3 External links
5 : Defunct Buddhist monasteries|Buddhist monasteries in India|Buildings and structures in Bihar|Ancient universities of the Indian subcontinent|Buddhist universities and colleges |
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