| 词条 | Aoös |
| 释义 |
| name = Αώος (Aoös) Vjosë | image = Vjosa bei Tepelena.jpg | image_caption = Aoös near Tepelenë | source1_location = Pindus, Greece | mouth_location = Adriatic Sea | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|40|38|34|N|19|19|2|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Albania, Greece | length = {{convert|272|km}} | source1_elevation = | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|195|m3/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|6706|km2|abbr=on}} }} The Aoös ({{lang-el|Αώος}}) or Vjosë ({{IPA-sq|ˈvjɔsə|lang}}) is a river in northwestern Greece and southwestern Albania. Its total length is about {{convert|272|km}},[1] of which the first {{convert|80|km}} are in Greece, and the remaining {{convert|192|km}} are in Albania. Its drainage basin is {{convert|6706|km2|abbr=on}} and its average discharge is {{convert|195|m3/s|abbr=on}}.[1] It is fed by several tributaries, such as the Voidomatis, Sarantaporos, Drino and Shushicë. The Aoös' source is in Greece, specifically in the Pindus mountains in Epirus,[2][3] near the village of Vovousa. An artificial lake has been constructed at an altitude of 1350 meters,[4] and there is a hydroelectric dam in place since 1987. It flows through the Vikos–Aoös National Park, where it forms towering canyons and then flows through the town of Konitsa, where it is joined by the Voidomatis. It enters Albania near Çarshovë, where it is joined by the Sarantaporos. and then continues northwest through Përmet, Këlcyrë, Tepelenë (where it is joined by the Drino), Memaliaj, Selenicë and Novoselë. It then flows into the Adriatic Sea, northwest of Vlorë; mouth of the river is situated within the boundaries of the Vjosa-Narta Protected Landscape. NameThe river is known by a number of different names. In antiquity it was called Aoös ({{lang|grc|Ἄωος, Ἀῶος, Ἀῷος}}) in Greek, and Aous in Latin. In Albanian it is called Vjosë or Vjosa, while in Greece it is known by its ancient name (Αώος in modern orthography), as well as Vovousa (Βοβούσα) or Aias (Αίας, Αἴας).[5] In Aromanian it is Băiasa. Local Macedonian name is Vojusha (Vojuša/Војуша). Human historyIn Greek mythology,[6] Aous is an epithet or name[7] of Adonis. Aous was also the name of the first king of Cyprus. A river and a mountain[8] in Cyprus were also named Aous.[6] Hecataeus (550–476 BC) refers to the river as Aias ({{lang-el|Αἴας}}), the name Anios ({{lang-el|Ἄνιος}}) is used by Plutarch in Caesar,[9] while Polybius, Livy and Strabo use the term Aoös. The Thesprotian tribe of Parauaioi received their name from the river, as those living beside it. Pausanias writes of "sharks"[10] ({{lang-el|θηρία}}) in the river, as it flows through Thesprotia. It is mentioned as Avos ({{lang-el|Αύος}}) by Stephanus of Byzantium[11] in the 6th century AD. In 274 BC Pyrrhus of Epirus defeated Antigonus II Gonatas near the river's banks. In 198 BC, Philip V of Macedon and the Roman Titus Quinctius Flamininus, clashed in the Battle of the Aous. In 170 BC[12] a plot to kidnap Aulus Hostilius Mancinus was foiled by Molossians by mistake. In antiquity the river passed more to the north{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}, towards where Fier nowadays lies. Owing to an earthquake{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}} in the 4th century, it changed to the present course. This earthquake and river change were the main reasons that led to the decline of the ancient Greek city of Apollonia. Greece{{Main|Vikos–Aoös National Park}}The Vikos–Aoös National Park ({{lang-el|Εθνικός Δρυμός Βίκου–Αώου}} Ethnikós Drymós Víkou–Aóou), founded in 1973 is a national park in the region of Epirus in northwestern Greece. The national park encompasses {{convert|126|km2|acres|0}} of mountainous terrain, with numerous rivers, lakes, caves, deep canyons and dense coniferous and deciduous forest. The core of the park (3400 hectares)[13] is the Vikos Gorge, carved by the Voidomatis river, while the Aoos gorge, mount Tymfi, with its highest peak Gamila {{convert|2497|m|ft}} and a number of traditionally preserved settlements form the park's peripheral zone. AlbaniaSince a decade or so, a 90 MW power plant at Kalivaç is under construction, but with no progress lately. The hydropower additional potential of the river is being studied by the Albanian Government. Seven additional hydroelectric power plants along the Albanian part of the river would have 400 MW total capacity (2,155 GWh/year). The feasibility of the project is being studied[14] but strongly denied by environmental groups like River Watch and EcoAlbania, which urge authorities to halt such plans and declare it a national park.[15] In February 2005 The Albanian Government approved a law, making the Vjose-Narte wetlands a protected area. This legislation followed Albania's ratification of the Kyoto Protocol in December 2004.[16] The river is known for its apport to the important irrigation canal Vjosë-Levan-Fier, a canal that was built in the 1950s for the irrigation of the Myzeqe low plains.[17] Vjosa is a common female Albanian given name.[18][19][20]Lists
MapSee also
References1. ^1 {{cite journal|title=The quality of Albanian natural waters and the human impact|authors=Cullaj, A., Hasko, A., Miho, A., Schanz, F., Brandl, H. & Bachofen, R.|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8121855_The_quality_of_Albanian_natural_waters_and_the_human_impact|journal=Environment International|year=2005|volume=31|page=138|language=English}} 2. ^{{cite book|title=Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oG6GAAAAIAAJ|year=2001|publisher=VCH Verlagsgesellschaft}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=William Bowden|title=Epirus Vetus: the archaeology of a late antique province|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjsbAAAAYAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Duckworth|isbn=978-0-7156-3116-4}} 4. ^Egnatia Municipality {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802225812/http://www.egnatia-ioanninon.gov.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=158&Itemid=216 |date=August 2, 2009 }} 5. ^Λαμπρίδης Ιωάννης "Ζαγοριακά", Τυπογραφείον Αυγής, Αθήνα, 1870 6. ^1 {{cite book|author=Parthenius (of Nicaea)|title=Parthenius of Nicaea: The Poetical Fragments and the Erōtika Pathēmata|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1zPA0J0JhJIC&pg=PA182|year=1999|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn=978-0-19-815253-8|page=182}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Yves Bonnefoy|title=Greek and Egyptian Mythologies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ANC8Cwuk46sC&pg=PA135|year=1992|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-06454-3|page=135}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Joseph Eddy Fontenrose|title=Orion: The Myth of the Hunter and the Huntress|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tD4lJxC95mEC&pg=PA103|year=1981|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-09632-5|page=103}} 9. ^Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) 10. ^Paus. 4.34,"But the rivers of Greece contain no terrors from wild beasts, for the sharks of the Aous, which flows through Thesprotia, are not river beasts but migrants from the sea." 11. ^Ethnica Epitome,"Παρά τον Αύον ποταμόν" 12. ^A History of Macedonia: 336-167 B.C by Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond, Frank William Walbank, 1988, {{ISBN|0198148151}}, page 520 13. ^Trakolis: p. 3 14. ^Project from Energy Community not-for-profit 15. ^http://balkanrivers.net/en/key-areas/vjosa-river 16. ^UN Environment Programme's website last retrieved 3/4/2010 17. ^ View from Geonames website. 18. ^From 20000 names babynames website 19. ^From Aboutnames babynames website 20. ^Albanian names website External links{{Commons category|River_Aoos-Vjosa}}
7 : Rivers of Albania|Rivers of Greece|International rivers of Europe|Aoös basin|Landforms of Ioannina (regional unit)|Rivers of Epirus (region)|Pindus |
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