| 词条 | Acequia Madre de Valero (San Antonio) |
| 释义 |
| name = Acequia Madre | nrhp_type = cp | partof = Alamo Plaza Historic District | partof_refnum = 77001425[1] | image = Alamo Madre Acequia, East of Alamo Street, North of Durango Boulevard, San Antonio, Bexar County, TX HAER TEX,15-SANT.V,4C- (sheet 1 of 1).png | caption = HABS drawing of the acequia | locmapin = Texas#USA | map_label = Acequia Madre de Valero | locmap_relief = yes | coordinates = {{coord|29|25|18|N|98|29|21|W|display=inline,title}} | map_caption = | built = 18th century | architect = Antonio de Olivares Payaya Indians | designated_nrhp_type = July 13, 1977 |designated_other1 = RTHL |designated_other1_date = 1968 |designated_other1_number = [https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/Details/5029000078 78] |designated_other1_num_position = bottom }}Acequia Madre de Valero is an 18th-century agricultural irrigation canal built by the Spanish and located in the Bexar County city of San Antonio in the U.S. state of Texas. When Martín de Alarcón founded San Antonio for Spain by establishing San Antonio de Valero Mission in 1718, Franciscan priest Antonio de Olivares[2] and the Payaya Indians dug Acequia Madre de Valero by hand. It was vital to the missions to be able to divert and control water from the San Antonio River, in order to grow crops and to supply water to the people in the area. This particular acequia was the beginning of a much wider acequia system. Acequia Madre de Valero ran from the area currently known as Brackenridge Park and southward to what is now Hemisfair Plaza and South Alamo Street.[3] Part of it that is not viewable by the public runs beneath the Menger Hotel. The acequia was restored in 1968 and that year was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.[4] Acequia Madre de Valero was the initial phase of what became a 45-mile acequia network put in place by the Franciscan priests to provide water for the missions and their agricultural endeavors. The location of part of this acequia is adjacent to the Johann and Anna Heidgen House at 121 Star Street, and was a contributing factor in placing the house on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bexar County, Texas in 2004. The acequia is lined with native limestone, a facet of Spanish engineering techniques. Some of the later stonework in the overall network was added by German immigrants. The full system involved placement of dams, canals and sluice gates. The complete network served residents of San Antonio until late in the 19th century.[5] The Texas Historical Commission placed the historic landmark plaque on a limestone block at the Hemisfair Plaza section of Acequia Madre de Valero.[6] See also{{Portal|NRHP|New Spain|Texas}}
References1. ^{{NRISref|version=2013a}} 2. ^{{cite book|last=De Zavala|first=Adina|title=History and Legends of the Alamo and Other Missions in and Around San Antonio|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3RzBc7hMDoUC&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=indian+people+payaya&source=bl&ots=1l3rbgtpZ2&sig=t4-Nq6HavXbn79bqPs3HsVj4vP8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fqllUOK8C6btiwKc9oD4CQ&ved=0CDQQ6AEwADgU#v=onepage&q=indian%20people%20payaya&f=false |year=1996|publisher=Arte Publico Press|isbn=978-1-55885-181-8|pages=3, 4|author2=Flores, Richard R}} 3. ^{{cite book | title=Why Stop?: A Guide to Texas Historical Roadside Markers | publisher=Taylor Trade Publishing | author=Dooley-Awbrey, Betty | page=453 |year=2005 | isbn=978-1-58979-243-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-uzaEJsBN7AC&pg=PA453&lpg=PA453&dq=%22Acequia+Madre+de+Valero%22&source=bl&ots=OispdPMeeK&sig=OdSBUm8HKODJgQIemjmzbWkccBg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FNp2UKG2JOvliwLY4IHwCw&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Acequia%20Madre%20de%20Valero%22&f=false}} 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/viewform.asp?atlas_num=5029000078&site_name=Acequia%20Madre%20de%20Valero&class=5000 | title=Acequia Madre de Valero | publisher=Texas Historical Commission | work=Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks | accessdate=October 11, 2012}} 5. ^{{cite web | url=https://atlas.thc.state.tx.us/NR/pdfs/04000591/04000591.pdf | title=Johann and Anna Heidgen House | publisher=Texas Historical Commission | work=National Register of Historic Places | accessdate=October 12, 2012 }} 6. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMC352_Acequia_Madre_de_Valero_Main_Irrigation_Ditch_of_Valero_Mission | title=Acequia Madre de Valero (Main Irrigation Ditch of Valero Mission) | publisher=Waymarking | accessdate=October 12, 2012}} External link{{Commonscat-inline|Alamo Madre Acequia|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}{{NRHP in Texas}}{{San Antonio}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Acequia Madre de Valero}} 5 : Geography of Bexar County, Texas|Irrigation canals|National Register of Historic Places in San Antonio|Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks|History of San Antonio |
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