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词条 Orenburg Oblast
释义

  1. Geography

  2. Administrative divisions

  3. Demographics

     Settlements  Religion 

  4. Economy

  5. See also

  6. References

{{short description|First-level administrative division of Russia}}{{Infobox Russian federal subject
|en_name=Orenburg Oblast
|ru_name=Оренбургская область
|image_map=Map of Russia - Orenburg Oblast.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|52|08|N|55|36|E|type:adm1st_region:RU|display=inline,title}}
|image_coa=Coat of arms of Orenburg Oblast.svg
|coa_caption=Coat of arms
|image_flag=Flag of Orenburg Oblast.svg
|flag_caption=Flag
|anthem
|anthem_ref
|holiday
|holiday_ref
|political_status=Oblast
|political_status_link=Oblasts of Russia
|federal_district=Volga
|economic_region=Urals
|adm_ctr_type=Administrative center
|adm_ctr_name=Orenburg
|adm_ctr_ref
|pop_2010census=2033072
|pop_2010census_rank=23rd
|urban_pop_2010census=59.7%
|rural_pop_2010census=40.3%
|pop_2010census_ref=[1]
|pop_density
|pop_density_as_of
|pop_density_ref
|pop_latest
|pop_latest_date
|pop_latest_ref
|area_km2=124000
|area_km2_rank=29th
|area_km2_ref
|established_date=December 7, 1934
|established_date_ref
|license_plates=56
|ISO=RU-ORE
|gov_as_of=March 2011
|leader_title=Governor
|leader_title_ref
|leader_name=Denis Pasler
|leader_name_ref=[1]
|legislature=Legislative Assembly
|legislature_ref
|website=http://www.orb.ru/
|website_ref
|date=March 2011
}}Orenburg Oblast ({{lang-ru|Оренбу́ргская о́бласть}}, Orenburgskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg. From 1938 to 1957, it bore the name Chkalov Oblast ({{lang|ru|Чка́ловская о́бласть}}) in honor of Valery Chkalov. Population: 2,033,072 (2010 Census).[2]

Geography

The most important river of the oblast is the Ural.

Orenburg is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.

Administrative divisions

{{Main|Administrative divisions of Orenburg Oblast}}

Demographics

Population: {{ru-census|p2010=2,033,072|p2002=2,179,551|p1989=2,174,459}}

Settlements

{{Largest cities
| name = Largest cities
| country = Orenburg Oblast
| stat_ref = 2010 Russian Census
| list_by_pop =
| class = nav
| div_name =
| div_link = Administrative divisions of Orenburg Oblast{{!}}Administrative Division
| city_1 = Orenburg
| div_1 = Orenburgsky District
| pop_1 = 548,331
| img_1 = Советская - panoramio.jpg
| city_2 = Orsk
| div_2 = Orsk{{!}}City of oblast significance of Orsk
| pop_2 = 239,800
| img_2 = Памятник Т.Г.Шевченко,г.Орск,Оренбургская обл. 01.jpg
| city_3 = Novotroitsk
| div_3 = Novotroitsk{{!}}Town of oblast significance of Novotroitsk
| pop_3 = 98,173
| img_3 = Novotroick IMG 6406.jpg
| city_4 = Buzuluk, Orenburg Oblast{{!}}Buzuluk
| div_4 = Buzuluksky District
| pop_4 = 82,904
| img_4 = Бузулук - panoramio (14).jpg
| city_5 = Buguruslan
| div_5 = Buguruslansky District
| pop_5 = 49,741
| city_6 = Gay, Orenburg Oblast{{!}}Gay
| div_6 = Gaysky District
| pop_6 = 38,301
| city_7 = Sorochinsk
| div_7 = Sorochinsky District
| pop_7 = 29,249
| city_8 = Sol-Iletsk
| div_8 = Sol-Iletsky District
| pop_8 = 28,377
| city_9 = Mednogorsk
| div_9 = Mednogorsk{{!}}Town of oblast significance of Mednogorsk
| pop_9 = 27,292
| city_10 = Kuvandyk
| div_10 = Kuvandyksky District
| pop_10 = 26,169
}}
Vital statistics for 2012
  • Births: 29 736 (14.7 per 1000)
  • Deaths: 28 225 (13.9 per 1000) [3]
  • Total fertility rate:[4] 2009 - 1.76 | 2010 - 1.80 | 2011 - 1.80 | 2012 - 1.95 | 2013 - 2.00 | 2014 - 2.03 | 2015 - 2.01 | 2016 - 1.95(e)

According to the 2010 Census, the ethnic composition of the oblast was as follows:[2]

  • Russians: 75.9%
  • Tatars: 7.6%
  • Kazakhs: 6%
  • Ukrainians: 2.5%
  • Bashkirs: 2.3%
  • Mordvinians: 1.9%
  • Germans: 0.6%
  • Chuvash: 0.6%
  • Belarusians: 0.3%
  • Azeris: 0.4%
  • other groups, none more than 0.2% of the population
  • 30,449 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[5]

Religion

{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Orenburg Oblast as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[6][7]
|float=right
|bars={{Bar percent|Russian Orthodoxy|DarkOrchid|40.2}}{{Bar percent|Other Orthodox|MediumOrchid|1.7}}{{Bar percent|Other Christians|DeepSkyBlue|3.6}}{{Bar percent|Islam|Green|13.8}}{{Bar percent|Rodnovery and other native faiths|Red|3}}{{Bar percent|Spiritual but not religious|DarkSlateGray|20}}{{Bar percent|Atheism and irreligion|Black|12.4}}{{Bar percent|Other and undeclared|Gray|5.3}}
}}

As of a 2012 survey[6] 40.2% of the population of Orenburg Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 3% declare themselves to be generic nondenominational Christians (excluding the Protestant definition), 2% are Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to any church or belong to non-Russian Orthodox churches. Muslims constitute 13% of the population. 3% of the population are followers of the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery), 6.8% are followers of other religions or did not give an answer to the survey. In addition, 20% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious" and 12% to be atheist.[6]

{{clear}}

Economy

Orenburg Oblast is one of the major agricultural areas of Russia. Its climate is favorable to farming with a humid spring, dry summer and a large number of sunny days, which make perfect conditions for cultivating hard wheat and rye, sunflowers, potatoes, peas, beans, corn, and gourds.

The range of the oblast's export commodities includes: oil and oil products, gas and gas produced products, rolled ferrous and non-ferrous metals, nickel, asbestos, chromium compounds, rough copper, electric engines, radiators, products of machine-building industry.

See also

{{Portal|Russia}}{{Commons category|Orenburg Oblast}}
  • Ashchebutak (air base)
  • List of Chairmen of the Legislative Assembly of Orenburg Oblast
  • Black Dolphin Prison

References

1. ^Official website of Orenburg Oblast. Governor of Orenburg Oblast {{ru icon}}
2. ^1 2 {{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2012/demo/edn12-12.htm|title=Естественное движение населения в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации|author=|date=|website=www.gks.ru|accessdate=4 April 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312|title=Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики|author=|date=|website=www.gks.ru|accessdate=4 April 2018}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936|title=ВПН-2010|author=|date=|website=www.perepis-2010.ru|accessdate=4 April 2018}}
6. ^1 2 "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
7. ^2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].
{{Subdivisions of Russia}}{{Geographic location
|Centre = {{flag|Orenburg Oblast}}
|North = {{flag|Bashkortostan}}, {{flag|Chelyabinsk Oblast}} and {{flag|Tatarstan}}
|Northeast =
|East = Kostanay Province, {{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|Southeast =
|South = Aktobe Province, {{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|Southwest = West Kazakhstan Province, {{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|West = {{flag|Samara Oblast}}
|Northwest =
}}{{Authority control}}

2 : Orenburg Oblast|States and territories established in 1934
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