“András Kun”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Father András Kun, O.F.M. (9 November 1911 – 19 September 1945 in Budapest, Hungary) was a Roman Catholic priest of the Franciscan Order. During The Holocaust in Hungary, Fr. Kun was also the commander of an Anti-Semitic death squad for the Arrow Cross Party.^[1] After the Second World War, Father Kun was prosecuted for war crimes by the Communist People's Republic of Hungary. He was convicted and hanged.

Life

Father Kun was born 8 November 1911 in Nyírbátor, Kingdom of Hungary. He attended seminary in Rome. He then served as a priest in a Franciscan monastery. In 1943, he left the monastery and moved to Budapest.

In early 1944, Kun enrolled in Hungary's Pro-Nazi Arrow Cross Party. During the lead-up to the German occupation of Hungary in March 1944, Kun participated in the Arrow Cross' seizure of power by distributing weapons.

Soon after, the Arrow Cross and the Schutzstaffel began The Holocaust in Hungary. Meanwhile, Fr. Kun took command of an Arrow Cross death squad which massacred Jews. During these activities, he continued to dress in his cassock and Roman collar along with a holstered pistol and an Arrow Cross armband.^[2] His orders usually ran, "In the name of Christ - fire!"^[3]

On 12 January 1945, Kun's squad broke into the Jewish hospital in Maros street (Hospital of the Buda Chevra Kadisha), where 149 Jewish patients and doctors were summarily shot. On another occasion, the St. John's Hospital was invaded by Kun's unit and between 80 and 100 people were murdered. His squad also invaded sheltered housing and abducted some 500 Jews and their protectors. All were lined up and shot into the Danube. On another occasion, men under Fr. Kun's command broke into a sanatorium, where, by his own admission, 100 Jewish patients were shot to death.

Father Kun did not flee the city before the Siege of Budapest, but remained behind while continuing operations. His squad routinely subjected those who were hiding Jews to torture and execution. Once, when regular gendarmes arrested and beat him, Kun spent 20 days in prison.

Soon after his release, the Soviet Army completed their capture of Budapest. Kun was arrested and tried for 500 murders by a Hungarian People's Tribunal.^[4] During his trial, Fr. Kun described his crimes in detail, while also expressing remorse. On the day of his execution, he gave an interview to journalist Reszső Szirmai discussing the sense of guilt that he felt and the degree to which he took personal responsibility for his actions.^[5] He was convicted and hanged in Budapest on September 19, 1945.

Legacy

Father Kun's cassock is currently on display at the House of Terror in Budapest.^[6] In his bestselling history of the Siege of Budapest, Hungarian historian Krisztián Ungváry describes Fr. Kun's crimes in detail. In the process, however, he also comments on the irony that, while Fr. Kun and his unit were massacring Jews, the Papal Nuncio to Hungary, Mgr. Angelo Rotta, was saving thousands of Jewish lives.

References

1. ^{{cite book |title=Wallenberg: Missing Hero |last=Marton |first=Kati |authorlink=Kati Marton |year=1995 |publisher= Arcade Publishing |location=New York |isbn=1-55970-276-1 |page=137 |url= https://books.google.com/?id=vlAwA11bpa8C&pg=PA137&dq=andras+kun#v=onepage&q=andras%20kun&f=false|accessdate=17 November 2011}}
2. ^{{cite book |title=Churches and the Holocaust: Unholy Teaching, Good Samaritans, and Reconciliation |last=Paldiel |first=Mordecai |authorlink=Mordecai Paldiel |year=2006 |publisher=Ktav Publishing House |location=New Jersey |isbn=0-88125-908-X |page=273}}
3. ^Krisztián Ungváry, The Battle for Budapest: One Hundred Days in World War II, page 241.
4. ^{{cite book |title=Masquerade: Dancing around Death in Nazi-Occupied Hungary |last=Soros |first=Tivadar |authorlink=Tivadar Soros |year=2001 |publisher=Arcade Publishing |location=New York |isbn=1-55970-581-7 |page=254 }}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://christopheradam.ca/2019/03/11/book-review-fascist-souls-by-rezso-szirmai/|title=Book Review: Fascist Souls by Rezső Szirmai|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
6. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.wieninternational.at/en/content/today-we-are-ones-relating-history-dictatorships%E2%80%9D-en|title=Today we are the ones relating the history of the dictatorships|publisher=Wieninternational|accessdate=17 November 2011}}