| 词条 | Pacific giant salamander | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Pacific giant salamanders | image = Dicamptodon tenebrosus 2.JPG | image_caption = Dicamptodon tenebrosus | taxon = Dicamptodon | authority = Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = four extant species }} Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodontidae) are a family of large salamanders from the United States and Canada. DescriptionSpecimens are up to {{convert|30|cm|in|abbr=on}} long, and are found in the western United States and southwestern British Columbia. Except for their size, they are similar to the mole salamander family (Ambystomatidae), in which they were originally included.[1] While most salamanders are silent, the Pacific giant salamander is one of several salamanders that have vocal abilities. When startled, these salamanders may respond with a croaky-sounding cry similar to that of a barking dog. Members of this family can either be terrestrial or aquatic as adults. TaxonomyThe family includes only a single genus, Dicamptodon. The genus was formerly thought to contain two species, Cope's giant salamander (D. copei) on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, and the Pacific giant salamander (D. ensatus) which consisted of three geographic populations, an Idaho isolate, a group in northern California, and a group in Oregon and Washington.[2] In 1989, genetic studies showed D. copei to be a distinct species, and the D. ensatus populations to consist of three species: the Idaho giant salamander (D. aterrimus) in Idaho, and two highly divergent species with a narrow hybrid zone in California, the coastal giant salamander (D. tenebrosus) (ranging from northern California to Washington), and the California giant salamander (D. ensatus) (limited only from Santa Cruz County to Mendocino County in California).[3] {{clade|label1=Dicamptodon |1={{clade |1=Dicamptodon aterrimus |2=Dicamptodon copei |3=Dicamptodon ensatus |4=Dicamptodon tenebrosus }} Extant Species
References1. ^Frost, Darrel R., Grant, Taran, Faivovich, Julián, Bain, Raoul H, Haas, Alexander, Haddad, Celio F. B, De Sa, Rafael O, Channing, A, Wilkinson, Mark, Donnellan, Stephen C, Raxworthy, Christopher J., Campbell, Jonathan A., Blotto, Boris L., Moler, Paul., Drewes, Robert C., Nussbaum, Ronald A., Lynch, John D., Green, David M., Wheeler, Ward C. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the AMNH; no. 297 (http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/5781/1/B297.pdf) 2. ^{{cite journal |title=Geographic variation and systematics of salamanders of the genus Dicamptodon Strauch (Ambystomatidae) |author=Ronald A. Nussbaum |journal=Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, No. 149 |date=1976-04-23 |url=http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/56393/1/MP149.pdf |accessdate=2011-09-29 }} 3. ^{{cite journal |title=Hybridization and Cryptic Species in Dicamptodon (Caudata: dicamptodontidae) |author=David A. Goode |journal=Evolution |date=July 1989 |pages=728–744 |jstor=2409302 |volume=43 |doi=10.2307/2409302}} External links
3 : Dicamptodon|Salamandroidea|Extant Paleocene first appearances |
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