| 词条 | Arvonne Fraser |
| 释义 |
| name = Arvonne Fraser | image = | alt = | caption = | office = First Lady of Minneapolis | term_start = January 1, 1980 | term_end = December 31, 1993 | predecessor = Emma Hofstede | successor = Steven Belton (as First Gentleman) | birth_name = Arvonne Skelton | birth_date = {{Birth date|1925|9|1}} | birth_place = Lamberton, Minnesota, U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2018|8|7|1925|9|1}} | death_place = Hudson, Wisconsin, U.S. | nationality = American | other_names = | alma_mater = University of Minnesota | occupation = U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women | known_for = Women's rights activist | spouse = Perry Morgan (m. 1946) Donald M. Fraser (m. 1950) | children = 6 (and seven grandchildren) | parents = Orland Delbert Phyllis Du Frene Skelton }}Arvonne Skelton Fraser (September 1, 1925 – August 7, 2018) was an American women's rights advocate and political campaigner.[1][2] She held the position of Senior Fellow at the Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, and from 1993–1994 was the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women.[1][1] She also managed the political campaigns of her husband Donald M. Fraser during his career, from 1954 to 1979.[2] Early lifeFraser was born on September 1, 1925 in Lamberton, Minnesota, to parents Orland Delbert and Phyllis Dufrene Skelton.[1] She grew up on their family farm and attended Lamberton High School, graduating in 1943.[1][3] In 1948, she received a bachelor of arts degree in liberal arts from the University of Minnesota.[1] While studying there, she had her first experience of working on a political campaign when she worked in the office of Hubert Humphrey’s U.S. Senate campaign.[3] CareerFollowing graduation, Fraser began her career in Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) politics, editing the party newsletter and acting as secretary for the state chairperson.[4][5] She became vice-chair of the party in 1956, a position she held until 1962.[1][4] In 1960 Fraser was active in the Minnesotan Citizens for Kennedy campaign and co-chaired Arthur Naftalin's successful mayoral election campaign.[1] She served on the Minneapolis Board of Public Welfare from 1961 to 1963, and she became active in the women's rights movement, serving as national president of Women's Equity Action League from 1972 to 1974 and as the first director of the WEAL Fund Intern Program.[1][3][6] In 1976, Fraser led the Carter-Mondale presidential campaign in the Upper Midwest. After the election victory, she was appointed Counselor, Office of Presidential Personnel in the Jimmy Carter administration, and later served as director of the Office of Women in Development at the United States Agency for International Development from 1977 to 1981. She was a U.S. representative to the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, and was a member of the U.S. delegations to the first two UN World Conferences on Women.[2][7] Fraser was a senior fellow at the Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, from 1982 to 1994. At the Humphrey Institute (now the Humphrey School), she directed the International Women's Rights Action Watch (IWRAW) and cofounded the school's Center on Women and Public Policy.[2] In June 1986, Fraser entered the campaign for Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota alongside George Latimer;[8] the pair lost the DFL primary.[2][9] From 1993 to 1994, she served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women.[10] Alongside her own career, Fraser ran the political campaigns of her husband, including for his elections to the Minnesota Senate (1954–1962), the U.S. House of Representatives (1963–1979) and the mayoralty of Minneapolis (1980–1993). Every campaign she managed for him resulted in a successful election outcome.[3] RecognitionIn 1979, she received an Honorary Doctor of Laws from Macalester College. In 2007, she received the Outstanding Achievement Award from the University of Minnesota. In 1992, she received a Resourceful Woman Award for women's human rights from the Tides Foundation. In 1995, she received the Prominent Women in International Law Award, Women's Interest Group, American Society of International Law, becoming the first non-lawyer to receive this award.[1] Fraser also received the Louis B. Sohn Human Rights Award from the U.N. Association, the Superior Honor Award from the U.S. Agency for International Development, and the Elizabeth Boyer Award from WEAL.[1] She received the Minneapolis YWCA’s Outstanding Achievement Award and the Minneapolis International Citizen Award.[11] Personal lifeShe married Perry Morgan in 1946; they divorced in 1949. In 1950, she married Donald M. Fraser, and the couple had six children (Thomas, Mary, John, Lois, Anne, and Jean) and seven grandchildren.[2] Fraser died on August 7, 2018 at her family retreat near the St. Croix River in Hudson, Wisconsin at the age of 92.[2] Selected bibliographyBooks
Book chapters
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{Cite book|last=Weissbrodt|first=David|year=2009|title=Arvonne Fraser|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QbX90fmCVUC&pg=RA1-PA266|journal=Encyclopedia of Human Rights|location=Oxford New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|volume=1|pages=266–269|isbn=978-0-19-533402-9|editor-last1=Forsythe|editor-first1=David P.}} Online version, subscription required. {{Subject bar| portal1=Human rights| portal2=Politics| portal3=Feminism| portal4=Gender Studies| portal5=United States| portal6=Biography}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fraser, Arvonne}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{Cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/arvonne-fraser-blazed-her-own-trail-as-women-s-rights-advocate/490315871/|title=Arvonne Fraser, who blazed her own trail as women's rights advocate, dies at 92|last=Walsh|first=Paul|date=August 8, 2018|work=Star Tribune|access-date=August 8, 2018}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news|url=https://www.twincities.com/2007/10/27/thats-no-lady-thats-arvonne/|title=That’s no lady, that’s Arvonne!|last=Grossman|first=Mary Ann|date=October 27, 2007|work=Twin Cities|access-date=August 8, 2018|language=en-US}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www2.mnhs.org/library/findaids/00034.xml|title=Collection finding aids: Avronne S. Fraser: an inventory of her papers at the Minnesota Historical Society|date=February 2015|editor-last=Lucas|editor-first=Lydia|editor2-last=Palmquist|editor2-first=Bonnie|website=Minnesota Historical Society|location=Minnesota|access-date=August 9, 2018|editor3-last=Ralston|editor3-first=Monica Manny|editor4-last=Peterson|editor4-first=David B.}} 5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.minnpost.com/arts-culture/2007/12/herstory-arvonne-fraser-reflects-life-advocacy|title=Herstory: Arvonne Fraser reflects on a life of advocacy|last=Goetzman|first=Amy|date=December 20, 2007|work=MinnPost|access-date=August 8, 2018|language=en}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1981/06/11/arvonne-fraser-parting-in-sweet-38/38d16ff9-28dc-4316-829a-fd64c2b1c52b/|title=Arvonne Fraser: Parting in Sweet &|last=Rovner|first=Sandy|date=June 11, 1981|work=The Washington Post|access-date=August 8, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.dfl.org/dfl-news/arvonne-fraser/|title=Statement from DFL Chairman Ken Martin on the Passing of Arvonne Fraser|date=August 8, 2018|work=The Minnesota DFL|access-date=August 9, 2018|language=en-US}} 8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22625783/11a12a/|title=Fraser family takes the latest candidacy in stride|last=Meryhew|first=Richard|date=June 23, 1986|work=Minneapolis Star and Tribune|access-date=August 9, 2018|page=11A–12A|language=en}} 9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.minnpost.com/politics-policy/2014/07/don-and-arvonne-fraser-time-and-experience-give-extraordinary-couple-some-pe|title=Don and Arvonne Fraser: Time and experience give extraordinary couple some perspective on issues and politics|last=Grow|first=Doug|date=July 7, 2014|work=MinnPost|access-date=August 8, 2018|language=en}} 10. ^Forsythe, David P. (August 11, 2009). Encyclopedia of Human Rights. Oxford University Press. p. 266. {{ISBN|9780195334029}}. Retrieved April 13, 2012 11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://law.utexas.edu/humanrights/directory/arvonne-s-fraser/|title=Rapoport Center for Human Rights and Justice: Arvonne S. Fraser, Ambassador|website=The University of Texas School of Law|language=en|access-date=August 8, 2018}} 12. ^{{Cite journal|last=Eslava|first=Luis|date=January 14, 2010|title=Book Review: Developing Power: How Women Transformed International Development|url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1536905|language=en|location=Rochester, NY}} 10 : 1925 births|2018 deaths|American women's rights activists|Minnesota Democrats|People from Lamberton, Minnesota|University of Minnesota alumni|Writers from Minnesota|Women in Minnesota politics|Ambassadors of the United States|Spouses of members of the United States House of Representatives |
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