| 词条 | Park Avenue Tunnel (roadway) | ||
| 释义 |
|name = Park Avenue Tunnel (Murray Hill Tunnel) |image = Park Avenue Tunnel.jpg |image_size = 287px |caption = South end of tunnel |location = Manhattan, New York |coordinates = {{coord|40|44|56.3|N|73|58|47.8|W|region:US-NY_type:landmark}} |route = Northbound Park Avenue |status = |start = East 33rd Street (entrance ramp) East 34th Street (entrance portal) |end = East 40th Street (exit ramp) East 39th Street (exit portal) (all traffic must continue to East 46th Street) |startwork = |opened = {{Start date and age|1834}} |close = |owner = New York City |operator =New York City Department of Transportation |traffic = Cars (formerly trains and street cars) |character = |toll = |vpd = |construction = |length = 5 blocks, approximately {{convert|0.25|mi|2}} |lanes = 1 |speed = {{convert|35|mph|2|abbr=on}} |hielevation = |lowelevation = |height = {{convert|8|ft|11|in|2}} |width = {{convert|16|ft|2}} |grade = }} The Park Avenue Tunnel, also called the Murray Hill Tunnel, is a {{convert|1600|ft|m|0|adj=mid|-long}} tunnel that passes under seven blocks of Park Avenue in Murray Hill, in the New York City borough of Manhattan. Traffic currently goes northbound from 33rd Street toward the Park Avenue Viaduct. The tunnel is under the jurisdiction of the New York City Department of Transportation, and carries one lane of northbound car traffic from East 33rd Street to East 40th Street; from 40th Street north, traffic must follow the Park Avenue Viaduct around Grand Central Terminal to 46th Street. The vertical clearance is {{height|ft=8|in=11}}. The IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway runs parallel to the Park Avenue Tunnel in two tunnels below it.[1] HistoryThe tunnel once carried the New York and Harlem Railroad and later, that company's streetcar line. It was then called the Murray Hill Tunnel. The tunnel was originally built as an open rock cut, completed in 1837,[2] after which the NY&H Railroad was opened as far as Yorkville, to 85th Street. In 1850, the cut was roofed over,[2] using granite stringers from the original railroad bed south of 14th Street, thus creating the present tunnel.[3] Due to the construction of Grand Central Terminal and the removal of tracks, the north end was reconstructed for a steeper approach. Prior to August 3, 2008, the tunnel carried two-way traffic, two lanes, but was reconfigured to increase safety for pedestrians crossing Park Avenue at 33rd Street.[4] In February 2017, the Park Avenue Tunnel was closed for a $24 million rehabilitation. It is expected to reopen in 2019.[5] Art installationsIn 2013, the tunnel was open to pedestrians for the first time in coordination with the annual Summer Streets event, which shuts down part of Park Avenue to vehicular traffic between 7:00 am and 1:00 pm for three Sundays every August. During the August 2013 event, the interior served as an art space containing Rafael Lozano-Hemmer's Voice Tunnel installation, in which visitors could record a short message that would be played back continuously from speakers along the tunnel walls.[6] In the 2014 Summer Streets, the tunnel temporarily reopened to pedestrians, this time featuring DIVE, an installation by Jana Winderen that incorporates aquatic soundscapes.[7] Both art projects were commissioned by the New York City Department of Transportation. In popular cultureParts of the 1998 movie Godzilla were filmed in the tunnel. Toward the end of the film, Godzilla chases the film's main characters into the tunnel, but is later lured back into the open toward the neighboring Brooklyn Bridge.[8] The bridge is actually around {{convert|3|mi|km}} from the tunnel.[9] GallerySee also
ReferencesNotes1. ^{{cite journal |journal= Scientific American |date=May 25, 1901 |page= 327 |title= Some Features Of The New York Rapid Transit Tunnel |url= http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/Progress_of_the_New_York_Rapid_Transit_Tunnel_%281901%29 |format= reprint }} 2. ^1 {{cite concrete|pages=120-121}} 3. ^{{cite news |title=Putting the Park in Park Avenue |first=Christopher |last=Gray |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/24/realestate/putting-the-park-in-park-avenue-streetscapesmidtown.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 21, 2011 |accessdate=September 3, 2011}} 4. ^{{cite press release |publisher=New York City Department of Transportation |date=August 1, 2008 |title=DOT Announces Safety Upgrade at Park Avenue and 33rd Street/Trial Closure of Park Avenue Tunnel's Southbound Lane |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/pr2008/pr08_025.shtml |accessdate=February 19, 2010}} 5. ^{{cite web | title=Park Avenue Tunnel Rehabilitation begins February 2017 | website=The Murray Hill Neighborhood Association, New York City, New York | date=October 19, 2018 | url=http://www.murrayhillnyc.org/common/news/articles/article_detail.cfm?QID=10766&clientID=11037&topicID=0&subsection=sidebar | access-date=December 10, 2018}} 6. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGazLQKb948 "Voice Tunnel Preview: Summer Streets 2013"]. New York City Department of Transportation video. Retrieved on August 30, 2014. 7. ^Sarah, Cascone, "Dive Into the Park Avenue Tunnel’s Aquatic Sound Art Installation". Artnet News. Retrieved on August 30, 2014. 8. ^{{Amg movie|162465|Godzilla}} 9. ^{{google maps | url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Park+Ave+Tunnel,+New+York,+NY+10016/Brooklyn+Bridge,+Brooklyn+Bridge,+New+York,+NY/@40.7309921,-74.0049034,14z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x89c259071ecb567d:0xb7c564c2519532d0!2m2!1d-73.9798457!2d40.7491435!1m5!1m1!1s0x89c25a2343ce7b2b:0x2526ddba7abd465c!2m2!1d-73.9968643!2d40.7060855!3e0 | title= Directions from Park Ave Tunnel to Brooklyn Bridge | access-date=April 30, 2018}} External links{{commonscat|Park Avenue Tunnel}}
6 : Tunnels in New York City|Murray Hill, Manhattan|New York Central Railroad tunnels|Tunnels completed in 1834|Park Avenue|Road tunnels in New York City |
||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。