“Bannoni language”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Bannoni, also known as Tsunari,^[1] is a minor Austronesian language of Papua New Guinea. It has approximately 1,000 native speakers. The Banoni people call their language Tsunari, but acknowledge the name Banoni as well and accept it. Tsunari technically translates to "their truth."

Location

The exact location of the Banoni people and the region where their language is spoken is Banoni Census Division, Buin Sub-District, Bouganville Province, Papua New Guinea. Geographically speaking, it is close to and on the coast of Empress Augusta Bay in the southwest Bouganville province. Villages are separated from the coast by swamps at the bottom of Motopena Point. The villages in which Banoni is spoken are Mabes, Mariga, Kongara, Dzarara. There is a speech variety which is different but mutually intelligible with that of other villages by the names of Mokui, Mokovi, Mavaraka, Iaba, Koiare and Kegiri. The villages of the Bouganville province are divided up into regional groups. The North Group consists of Hahon, Timputz and Teop. The East Group includes Uruava, Torau, Mono-Alu. The West Group is the group of the Banoni along with the Piva. The Banoni and the Piva are very similar. It has been observed that the Banoni and the Piva interact with each other, though the frequency of contact between Banoni speakers and their non-Austronesian neighbors has yet to be determined.

The speech or language of Mabes is the origin of where the study where most of the information recorded on Banoni took place.

Previous Studies

A majority of the previous studies done on the Bouganville Province and Banoni speakers were completed by German ethnographers and travelers.

Phonology

The Banoni language has a simple syllable structure. Like numerous other Oceanic languages, it distinguishes five vowel qualities. When two like vowels follow each other they are combined to an elongated sound that usually has a drop in pitch, though this change in the tone does not altern the meaning.^[3]

Unlike related languages from the Solomon Islands, Banoni's voiced stops are entirely oral, not prenasalized like in Fijian.

Unlike in English, the voiced dentals /d/ and /t/ are not just different by vocal usage, but also by point of articulation: the /d/ is produced further back than the /t/. According to Banoni speakers, this causes the sound to be 'clearer.'^[4]

Banoni Orthography with Broad Phonetic Transcription of the Simple Syllables^[5]

The main points of articulation in the consonant system of the Banoni language are labial, dental or alveolar, palatal, and velar. These combine with the five vowels to form the following simple syllables:

Morphology

As Banoni is an Austronesian language, its morphemes are similar to those in the languages of Malaysia, Malagasy, Philippines and Polynesia.

The Banoni language is a part of the Oceanic subgroup of Austronesian languages because of its similarities to Polynesian, Micronesian and Melasian languages.

Vowel lengthening is present in the Banoni language and changes the meaning of certain words, for example vom 'turtle' vs. voom 'new'.

Syntax

Banoni has a combination of SVO (subject, verb, object) and VSO (verb, subject, object) word orders.

Generally the subject comes before the verb, and the object follows the verb almost always. However, the subject can sometimes follow the verb. The majority of such cases are in dependent clauses, with only a few in a few independent clauses.

Noun Structure

Oblique = Locative, temporal, instrumental, and probably other types of phrases occur in sentence - finally. Ordering among these is unknown. Sentences having more than two phrases outside the verb phrase are quite unusual." ^[7]

External links

References

1. ^http://www.verbix.com/maps/language/Bannoni.html
2. ^{{Cite book|title=Describing Banoni, an Austronesian Language of Southwest Bouganville|last=Lincoln|first=Peter|publisher=|year=1976|isbn=|location=|pages=10}}
3. ^{{Cite book|title=Describing Banoni, an Austronesian Language of Southwest Bouganville|last=Lincoln|first=Peter|publisher=|year=1976|isbn=|location=|pages=37}}
4. ^{{Cite book|title=Describing Banoni, an Austronesian Language of Southwest Bouganville|last=Lincoln|first=Peter|publisher=|year=1976|isbn=|location=|pages=44}}
5. ^{{Cite book|title=Describing Banoni, an Austronesian Language of Southwest Bouganville|last=Lincoln|first=Peter|publisher=|year=1976|isbn=|location=|pages=38}}
6. ^{{Cite book|title=Describing Banoni: An Austronesian Language of Southwest Bouganville|last=Lincoln|first=Peter|publisher=|year=1976|isbn=|location=|pages=70}}
7. ^{{Cite book|title=Describing Banoni, an Austronesian Language of Southwest Bouganville|last=Lincoln|first=Peter|publisher=|year=1976|isbn=|location=|pages=118}}
8. ^{{Cite book|title=Describing Banoni, and Austronesian Language of Southwest Bouganville|last=Lincoln|first=Peter|publisher=|year=1976|isbn=|location=|pages=119}}