“Biological dark matter”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Biological dark matter is an informal term for genetic material or microorganisms that are unclassified or poorly understood.

Biological dark matter includes non-coding DNA (junk DNA)^[1]^[2]^[3] and non-coding RNA.^[4]^[5]^[6] Much of the genomic dark matter is thought to originate from ancient transposable elements and from other low-complexity repetitive elements.^[7]^[8] Uncategorized genetic material is found in humans and in several other organisms.^[9]^[10] Their phylogenetic novelty could indicate the cellular organisms or viruses from which they evolved.^[11]

Biologists are unable to culture and grow 99% of all living microorganisms,^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16] so few functional insights exist about the metabolic potential of these organisms.

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book| last1=Carey| first1=Nessa| authorlink =Nessa Carey|title=Junk DNA: A Journey Through the Dark Matter of the Genome| date=2015| publisher=Columbia University Press| isbn=9780231170840}}
2. ^{{cite news |last=Kolata |first=Gina |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/06/science/far-from-junk-dna-dark-matter-proves-crucial-to-health.html?pagewanted=all)&_r=0 |title=Bits of Mystery DNA, Far From 'Junk', Play Crucial Role |work=The New York Times |date=5 September 2012 |accessdate=2015-09-09 }}
3. ^{{cite news |last=Boyle |first=Rebecca |url=http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2012-09/encode-project-sheds-light-human-genomes-dark-matter |title=Inside the Mysterious Dark Matter of the Human Genome |work=Popular Science |date=6 September 2012 |accessdate=2015-09-09 }}
4. ^{{cite news |first1=Pugh |last1=B. F. |first2=Katrina |last2= Voss| url=http://science.psu.edu/news-and-events/2013-news/Pugh9-2013 |title=Scientists Discover the Origins of Genomic "Dark Matter" |work=Penn State Science |date=13 September 2013 |accessdate=2015-09-09 }}
5. ^{{cite news |url=https://actu.epfl.ch/news/scientists-shed-some-light-on-biological-dark-matt/ |title=Scientists shed some light on biological "dark matter" |work=Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne |date=20 January 2014 |accessdate=2015-09-09 }}
6. ^{{cite journal | title=Most "dark matter" transcripts are associated with known genes| vauthors=van Bakel H, Nislow C, Blencowe BJ, Hughes TR| journal=PLoS Biol| year=2010| volume=8| pages=e1000371 | doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1000371 | pmid=20502517 | issue=5 | pmc=2872640 | editor1-last=Eddy | editor1-first=Sean R. }}
7. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=de Koning AP, Gu W, Castoe TA, Batzer MA, Pollock DD |title=Repetitive elements may comprise over two-thirds of the human genome |journal=PLoS Genet. |volume=7 |issue=12 |pages=e1002384 |year=2011 |pmid=22144907 |pmc=3228813 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1002384 |url= http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1002384}}
8. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Maumus F, Quesneville H |title=Deep investigation of Arabidopsis thaliana junk DNA reveals a continuum between repetitive elements and genomic dark matter |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=e94101 |year=2014 |pmid=24709859 |pmc=3978025 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0094101 |url=}}
9. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0018011| pmid = 21437252| title = Stalking the Fourth Domain in Metagenomic Data: Searching for, Discovering, and Interpreting Novel, Deep Branches in Marker Gene Phylogenetic Trees| journal = PLoS ONE| volume = 6| issue = 3| pages = e18011| year = 2011| last1 = Wu | first1 = D. | last2 = Wu | first2 = M. | last3 = Halpern | first3 = A. | last4 = Rusch | first4 = D. B. | last5 = Yooseph | first5 = S. | last6 = Frazier | first6 = M. | last7 = Venter | first7 = J. C. | last8 = Eisen | first8 = J. A. | pmc=3060911}}
10. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20265-biologys-dark-matter-hints-at-fourth-domain-of-life/ | title=Biology's 'dark matter' hints at fourth domain of life | publisher=Reed Business Information Ltd. | work=New Scientist | date=March 18, 2011 | accessdate=August 23, 2015 | author=Barras, Colin}}
11. ^{{cite news |last=Kemsley |first=Tamarra |title=New Study on "Dark Matter" of Biology Fills in Major Holes in Tree of Life |work=Nature World News |date=13 July 2015 |url=https://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/2972/20130715/new-study-dark-matter-biology-fills-major-holes-tree-life.htm |accessdate=2015-09-09 }}
12. ^{{cite journal |title=Single cell biotechnology to shed a light on biological 'dark matter' in nature |journal=Microbial Biotechnology |date=28 January 2015 |last=Huang |first=Wei E. |last2=Song |first2= Yizhi |last3=Xu |first3=Jian |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=15–16 |pmc=4321360 |doi=10.1111/1751-7915.12249 |pmid=25627841}}
13. ^{{cite news |last=Lok |first=Corie |url=http://www.nature.com/news/mining-the-microbial-dark-matter-1.17774 |title=Mining the microbial dark matter |work=Nature News |date=16 June 2015 |accessdate=2015-09-09 }}
14. ^{{cite news |last=Check-Hayden |first=Erika |url=http://www.nature.com/news/researchers-glimpse-microbial-dark-matter-1.13361 |title=Researchers glimpse microbial 'dark matter' |work=Nature News |date=14 July 2013 |accessdate=2015-09-09 }}
15. ^{{cite news |last=Gronstal |first= Aaron L. |title=Studying Biology’s Dark Matter |work=NASA Astrobiology Institute |date=4 November 2011 |accessdate=2015-09-09 |url=https://www.astrobio.net/also-in-news/studying-biologys-dark-matter-2/ }}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://microbialdarkmatter.org/index.php/11-intro/2-what-is-microbial-dark-matter-and-why-should-we-explore-it |title=What is Microbial Dark Matter and why should we explore it? |last=Rinke |first=Chris |work=Microbial Dark Matter |date=2015 |accessdate=2015-09-09 }}