| 词条 | Bodo cranium |
| 释义 |
|catalog number = |common name = Bodo |image = Bodo cranium.jpg |caption = Bodo cranium, Smithsonian Natural History Museum |species = Homo heidelbergensis (Homo rhodesiensis) or Homo erectus(?) |age = 600,000 years |place discovered = Bodo D'ar, Awash River valley of Ethiopia |date discovered = 1976 |discovered by = Asfaw }} The Bodo cranium[1] is a fossil of an extinct type of hominin species. It was found by members of an expedition led by Jon Kalb in 1976 at Bodo D'ar, Awash River valley of Ethiopia.[2] The initial discovery was by Alemayhew Asfaw and Charles Smart, a lower face. Two weeks later, Paul Whitehead and Craig Wood found the upper portion of the face. The skull is 600,000 years old[3] and is classified as Homo heidelbergensis (Homo rhodesiensis).[4] The cranium has an unusual appearance, which has led to debates over its taxonomy.{{huh|date=November 2018}} ObservationThis specimen has an unusually large cranial capacity for its age that is estimated at around 1250 cc (in the range between ∼1,200–1,325 cc) within the (lower) range of modern Homo sapiens.[5] The cranium includes the face, much of the frontal bone, parts of the midvault and the base anterior to the foramen magnum. The cranial length, width and height are 21 cm (8.3 in), 15.87 cm (6.2 in) and 19.05 cm (7.5 in) respectively. Researchers have suggested that Bodo butchered animals because Acheulean hand axes and cleavers, along with animal bones, were found at the site. The cranium has cut marks, which indicates that immediately after the death of this individual stone tools were used to remove the flesh from the bone.[2][6] See also
References1. ^https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9659/c62f27fd5ebd22fa1eca6c450955c4219af6.pdf {{Homo heidelbergensis|state=collapsed}}2. ^1 {{cite web|title=Bodo Skull and Jaw|url=http://www.skullsunlimited.com/record_species.php?id=3910|publisher=Skulls Unlimited|accessdate=15 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208061300/http://www.skullsunlimited.com/record_species.php?id=3910#|archive-date=2015-12-08|dead-url=yes|df=}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Bodo|url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/bodo|publisher=Humanorigins.si.edu|accessdate=15 October 2012}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Bodo fossil|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1233764/Bodo?anchor=ref892244|publisher=Britannica Encyclopedia|accessdate=15 October 2012}} 5. ^Milner, Richard. "Cranial Capacity." The Encyclopedia of Evolution: Humanity's Search For Its Origins. New York: Holt, 1990: 98. "Living humans have a cranial capacity ranging from about 950 cc to 1800 cc, with the average about 1400 cc." 6. ^{{Cite|last=White|first=Tim|title=Cut marks on the Bodo cranium: a case of prehistoric defleshing|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|volume=69|page=503-10}} 2 : Homo fossils|1976 archaeological discoveries |
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