| 词条 | 1944 Irish general election |
| 释义 |
| election_name = 1944 Irish general election | country = Ireland | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | previous_election = 1943 Irish general election | previous_year = 1943 | election_date = 30 May 1944 | next_election = 1948 Irish general election | next_year = 1948 | seats_for_election = 137 of 138 seats in Dáil Éireann | majority_seats = 70 | turnout = 69.2% | previous_mps = Members of the 11th Dáil | elected_mps = TDs elected | image1 = | leader1 = Éamon de Valera | party1 = Fianna Fáil | leader_since1 = 26 March 1926 | leaders_seat1 = Clare | last_election1 = 67 seats, 41.9% | seats_before1 = 67 | seats1 = 76 | seat_change1 = {{increase}}9 | popular_vote1 = 595,259 | percentage1 = 48.9% | swing1 = {{increase}}7.0% | image2 = | leader2 = Richard Mulcahy | leader_since2 = 1944 | party2 = Fine Gael | leaders_seat2 = Tipperary | last_election2 = 32 seats, 23.1% | seats_before2 = 32 | seats2 = 30 | seat_change2 = {{decrease}}2 | popular_vote2 = 249,329 | percentage2 = 20.5% | swing2 = {{decrease}}2.6% | image3 = | leader3 = Joseph Blowick | leader_since3 = 1944 | party3 = Clann na Talmhan | leaders_ seat3 = Mayo South | last_election3 = 10 seats, 9.0% | seats_before3 = 13 | seats3 = 9 | seat_change3 = {{decrease}}4 | popular_vote3 = 122,745 | percentage3 = 10.8% | swing3 = {{increase}}1.8% | image4 = | leader4 = William Norton | leader_since4 = 1932 | party4 = Labour Party (Ireland) | leaders_seat4 = Kildare | last_election4 = 17 seats, 15.7% | seats_before4 = 12 | seats4 = 8 | seat_change4 = {{decrease}}4 | popular_vote4 = 106,767 | percentage4 = 8.7% | swing4 = {{decrease}}7.0% | image5 = | leader5 = James Everett | leader_since5 = 1944 | party5 = National Labour Party (Ireland) | leaders_seat5 = Wicklow | last_election5 = Did not stand | seats_before5 = 5 | seats5 = 4 | seat_change5 = {{decrease}}1 | popular_vote5 = 32,732 | percentage5 = 2.7% | swing5 = New party | map_image = Irish_general_election_1944.png | map_size = 400px | map_caption = Percentage of seats gained by each of the five biggest parties, and number of seats gained by smaller parties and independents. | title = Taoiseach | before_election = Éamon de Valera | before_party = Fianna Fáil | posttitle = Subsequent Taoiseach | after_election = Éamon de Valera | after_party = Fianna Fáil }} The Irish general election of 1944 was held on 30 May 1944, having been called on 9 May by President Douglas Hyde on the advice of Taoiseach Éamon de Valera. The general election took place in 34 parliamentary constituencies for 138 seats in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas (parliament). Fianna Fáil won an overall majority, and when the newly elected members of the 12th Dáil assembled on 9 June, de Valera was re-elected Taoiseach at the head of a majority government. The election was fought while the Emergency Powers Act 1939 was still in force. CampaignThe outgoing Fianna Fáil government was a minority government and after a defeat for the second reading of its Transport Bill, Taoiseach Éamon de Valera decided to call a snap election, just one year after the previous election, in hopes of getting an overall majority. The campaign was not wanted by the opposition parties. Technically, and exceptionally, the outgoing Dáil was not dissolved until after the election. Although the Constitution requires the President to dissolve the Dáil before a general election, this procedure was overridden by the General Elections (Emergency Provisions) Act 1943.[1][2][2] The act, which would have been unconstitutional if not for the state of emergency in effect during World War II, was intended to increase national security by minimising the interval during which no Dáil is in existence.[3] The election was called on 9 May but the Dáil met as scheduled on 10 May, where an adjournment debate was held in which the opposition TDs condemned the decision to hold an election in wartime as unnecessary and reckless.[2] Fianna Fáil fought the election on its record in government and also in the hope of securing a fresh mandate for its policies. During the campaign Fine Gael put forward the proposal of forming a coalition government with the Labour Party and Clann na Talmhan, however, this was ridiculed by Fianna Fáil as untenable. A split in the Labour movement meant that the party was by no means ready to fight an election, and the results showed this. Due to the fractured nature of the opposition, Éamon de Valera's tactic of calling a snap general election had succeeded, as it had in 1933 and 1938. Result{{Irish general election header|elec_no = 12th |elec_date = 30 May |elec_year = 1944 |note =[4][5][6][7] }}{{Irish general election party |party = Fianna Fáil |leader = Éamon de Valera |seats = 76 |seats_chg = +9 |seats_% = 55.1 |fpv = 595,259 |fpv_% = 48.9 |fpv_chg = +7.0 }}{{Irish general election party |party = Fine Gael |leader = Richard Mulcahy |seats = 30 |seats_chg = –2 |seats_% = 21.8 |fpv = 249,329 |fpv_% = 20.5 |fpv_chg = –2.6 }}{{Irish general election party |party = Clann na Talmhan |leader = Joseph Blowick |seats = 9 |seats_chg = –1 |seats_% = 6.5 |fpv = 122,745 |fpv_% = 10.1 |fpv_chg = +0.3 }}{{Irish general election party |party = Labour Party (Ireland) |leader = William Norton |seats = 8 |seats_chg = –9 |seats_% = 5.8 |fpv = 106,767 |fpv_% = 8.8 |fpv_chg = –6.9 }}{{Irish general election party |party = National Labour Party (Ireland) |leader = James Everett |seats = 4 |seats_chg = New |seats_% = 2.9 |fpv = 32,732 |fpv_% = 2.7 |fpv_chg = – }}{{Irish general election party |party = Monetary Reform Party |leader = Oliver J. Flanagan |seats = 1 |seats_chg = 0 |seats_% = 0.7 |fpv = 9,856 |fpv_% = 0.8 |fpv_chg = +0.5 }}{{Irish general election party |party = Ailtirí na hAiséirghe |leader = |seats = 0 |seats_chg = 0 |seats_% = 0 |fpv = 5,809 |fpv_% = 0.5 |fpv_chg = +0.3 }}{{Irish general election party |party = Independent politician |leader = N/A |seats = 10 |seats_chg = 0 |seats_% = 7.2 |fpv = 94,852 |fpv_% = 7.8 |fpv_chg = –0.9 }}{{Irish general election spoilt |votes = 12,790 }}{{Irish general election total |seats = 138 |seats_chg = 0 |fpv = 1,230,139 }}{{Irish general election electorate |electorate = 1,816,142 |turnout = 69.2% }} |}
Voting summary{{bar box|title=First preference vote |titlebar=#ddd |width=600px |barwidth=350px |bars={{bar percent|Fianna Fáil|{{Fianna Fáil/meta/color}}|48.9}}{{bar percent|Fine Gael|{{Fine Gael/meta/color}}|20.5}}{{bar percent|Clann na Talmhan|{{Clann na Talmhan/meta/color}}|10.1}}{{bar percent|Labour|{{Labour Party (Ireland)/meta/color}}|8.8}}{{bar percent|National Labour|{{National Labour Party (Ireland)/meta/color}}|2.7}}{{bar percent|Monetary Reform|{{Monetary Reform Party/meta/color}}|0.8}}{{bar percent|Ailtirí na hAiséirghe|{{Ailtirí na hAiséirghe/meta/color}}|0.5}}{{bar percent|Independent|{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}|7.8}} }} Seats summary{{bar box|title=Dáil seats |titlebar=#ddd |width=600px |barwidth=350px |bars={{bar percent|Fianna Fáil|{{Fianna Fáil/meta/color}}|55.1}}{{bar percent|Fine Gael|{{Fine Gael/meta/color}}|21.8}}{{bar percent|Clann na Talmhan|{{Clann na Talmhan/meta/color}}|6.5}}{{bar percent|Labour|{{Labour Party (Ireland)/meta/color}}|5.8}}{{bar percent|National Labour|{{National Labour Party (Ireland)/meta/color}}|2.9}}{{bar percent|Monetary Reform|{{Monetary Reform Party/meta/color}}|0.7}}{{bar percent|Independent|{{Independent (politician)/meta/color}}|7.2}} }} First time TDs
Re-elected TDs
Outgoing TDs
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html#article16_3_1|title=Constitution of Ireland|work=Irish Statute Book|page=Article 16.3|nopp=Y|accessdate=27 March 2018}};{{cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1943/act/11/enacted/en/index.html|title=General Elections (Emergency Provisions) Act, 1943|work=Irish Statute Book|accessdate=27 March 2018}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1944051000003 |title=Adjournment of the Dáil |last=de Valera |first=Éamon |date=10 May 1944 |nopp=Y |page=Vol.93 No.15 p.3 c.2497–2498 |quote=I did not ask for a dissolution of the Dáil. This Dáil would not have been meeting to-day if there had been a dissolution. .... I did not ask for a dissolution, because we passed an Act last year to enable the Dáil, during this critical period, to be brought together at any time that there was need for doing so, so that the Executive at any time would have to assemble the Dáil in case there was any national issue that demanded its assembly. ... when the Dáil adjourns now it will not meet again unless there is some national issue which makes it necessary to call the Dáil together. |accessdate=27 March 2018}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1943041400019 |title=General Elections (Emergency Provisions) Bill, 1943—Second Stage.|author=Committee on Finance (10th Dáil) |date=14 April 1943 |work=Dáil Éireann debates |publisher=Oireachtas |accessdate=27 March 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://electionsireland.org/results/general/12dail.cfm|title=12th Dáil 1944 General Election|work=ElectionsIreland.org|accessdate=2 May 2009}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/gdala.htm|title=Dáil elections since 1918|work=ARK Northern Ireland|accessdate=2 May 2009}} 6. ^Manning (1972) notes that the Clann na Talmhan figure is often listed in error, due to the inclusion of Independent Farmer TDs in the CnaT total. 7. ^Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, pp1009-1017 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}} Sources
6 : 1944 elections in Europe|1944 in Irish politics|General elections in the Republic of Ireland|12th Dáil|May 1944 events|1940s elections in Ireland |
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