“Petro Vlahos”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Petro Vlahos ({{lang-gr|Πέτρος Βλάχος}}; August 20, 1916 – February 10, 2013),^[1]^[2] was an engineer and inventor, considered to be one of the pioneering scientific and technical innovators of the motion picture and television industries. Vlahos consistently devised solutions that made the modern blockbuster possible - he is remembered in particular for creating the Ultimatte process, which refined the colour process known as "bluescreening" or alternatively "greenscreening" to solve the transparency, edge-sharpening and "blue spill" problems of simple chroma keying, and combining this with motion control camera technology to create the modern special effects shot. This technology allows film editors in post-production to digitally remove an image of an actor working in front of a usually blue or green colored background and insert him into any computer-generated or other preexisting digital background. In recognition of his contributions he was awarded multiple Oscars, as well as an Emmy Award.

Early life

Vlahos was born in Raton, New Mexico, the son of Greek^[3] immigrants. He showed an early aptitude for electronics and ham radio and in 1941 he gained his Engineering degree from the University of California at Berkeley. He worked as a designer for Douglas Aircraft in World War II, and later as a radar engineer at Bell Laboratories. After the war, he moved to Hollywood and worked for MGM.^[1]^[4]

Hollywood career

The technology used today as a way of combining actors with background footage still derives from the techniques he developed. Vlahos was not the first to use the blue-screen technology—it was invented by Larry Butler for the 1940 filming of The Thief of Bagdad—but he made the process much more realistic and scientific. He created a system called the sodium vapor matte first for the spectacular 1959 remake of the epic Ben Hur, and later the Disney musical Mary Poppins (1964) which would win him an academy award. He later refined the color-difference bluescreen process that made memorable visual effects possible in films and developed a way to minimize the unfortunate side effects of earlier methods. Vlahos' breakthrough was to create a complicated laboratory process which involved separating the blue, green and red parts of each frame before combining them back together in a certain order. He moved the process along and introduced the use of motion control cameras during bluescreen work. He called his cutting-edge invention the colour-difference travelling matte scheme.

Along with his son, Paul Vlahos, he founded the Ultimatte Corporation^[5] in Chatsworth, California, in 1976. His company's first Ultimatte units were analog "black boxes" which later evolved into advanced, real-time digital hardware and computer software products.

When sci-fi and fantasy films became dominant at the box office, Vlahos’ techniques became dominant in filmmaking, essential to movies such as the Star Wars trilogy. Refinements of his pioneering technique were used to make many of the blockbuster films of the 1990s, notably Titanic (1997), in which dangerous, expensive or difficult to film scenes were finally possible.

Accolades

A member of the Academy’s original Motion Picture Research Council, he was honored by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences many times, starting with a Scientific and Technical Award in 1960 for a camera flicker indicating device.

He won his first Oscar in 1964 for the "conception and perfection of techniques for color traveling matte composite cinematography."

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences gave him a Medal of Commendation in 1992. In 1993 he was the recipient of the Gordon E. Sawyer Award, his second Oscar.

In 1995 he shared a third Oscar (Academy Scientific and Technical Award)^[7] with his son, Paul, for the blue-screen advances made by Ultimatte Corporation.

References

1. ^¹Carolyn Giardina, Visual Effects Innovator Petro Vlahos Dies at 96, Hollywood Reporter, 13 February 2013
2. ^{{cite news|last=Kelion |first=Leo |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-21463817 |title=BBC News - Blue and green-screen effects pioneer Petro Vlahos dies |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date= February 14, 2013|accessdate=2013-02-14}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gabbyawards.com/the-greeks-of-hollywood/the-greeks-of-hollywood/hollywood-mourns-loss-of-visual-effects-pioneer-and-inventor-petro-vlahos/ |title=The Greeks of Hollywood |publisher=gabbyawards.com |date=March 25, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530192404/http://www.gabbyawards.com/the-greeks-of-hollywood/the-greeks-of-hollywood/hollywood-mourns-loss-of-visual-effects-pioneer-and-inventor-petro-vlahos/ |archivedate=May 30, 2013 |df= }}
4. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/film-obituaries/9884140/Petro-Vlahos.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Petro Vlahos | date=February 20, 2013}}
5. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=xO40AAAAIBAJ&sjid=YgMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6033,8650400&dq=petro-vlahos+ultimatte&hl=en|title=Wiest, Landau Win Oscars|date=March 28, 1995|work=Toledo Blade|accessdate=June 14, 2010}}
6. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/visual-effects-innovator-petro-vlahos-421401 |title=Visual Effects Innovator Petro Vlahos Dies at 96 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=13 February 2013 |first=Carolyn |last=Giardina}}
7. ^{{cite news |url= https://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=6DExAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WQMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6613,1468122&dq=petro-vlahos&hl=en|title=Oscars given in technical categories|date=January 6, 1994|work=Toledo Blade |accessdate= 14 June 2010}}

External links