| 词条 | Pitkern language | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Pitkern | altname = Pitkern-Norfolk Pitcairn-Norfolk | states = Norfolk Island, Pitcairn Islands, New Zealand | region = | speakers = ca. 400 Pitcairn-Norfolk | date = 2008 | ref = e18 | refname = Pitcairn-Norfolk | speakers2 = 36 on Pitcairn (2002) | familycolor = Creole | fam1 = English Creole | fam2 = Pacific | nation = {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}} | dia1 = Norfuk | iso3 = pih | iso3comment = Pitcairn-Norfolk | glotto = pitc1234 | glottoname = Pitcairn-Norfolk | lingua = 52-ABB-dd }}Pitkern, also known as Pitcairn-Norfolk or Pitcairnese, is a creole language based on an 18th-century dialect of English and Tahitian. It is a primary language of Pitcairn Islands, though it has more speakers on Norfolk Island. Unusually, although spoken on Pacific Ocean islands, it has been described as an Atlantic Creole.[1] There are about 50 [2]speakers on Pitcairn Island, Britain's last remaining colony in the South Pacific.[3] HistoryFollowing the Mutiny on the Bounty on April 28, 1789, the British mutineers stopped at Tahiti and took eighteen Polynesians, mostly women, to remote Pitcairn Island and settled there. Initially, the Tahitians spoke little English, and the Bounty crewmen knew even less Tahitian. Isolated from the rest of the world, they had to communicate with each other, and, over time, they formed a unique new language that blended a simplified English with Tahitian words and speech patterns. Pitkern was influenced by the diverse English dialects and accents of the crew. Geographically, the mutineers were drawn from as far as the West Indies, with one mutineer being described as speaking a forerunner of a Caribbean patois. One was a Scot from the Isle of Lewis. At least one, the leader Fletcher Christian, was a well-educated man, which at the time made a major difference in speech. Both Geordie and West Country dialects have obvious links to some Pitkern phrases and words, such as whettles, meaning food, from victuals. Common phrases
Note: Pitkern spelling is not standardised. Poetry in PitkernSome poetry exists in Pitkern. The poems of Meralda Warren are of particular note. See also{{portal|Pitcairn Islands}}
References1. ^{{cite journal |last=Avram |first=Andrei |authorlink= |year=2003 |title=Pitkern and Norfolk revisited |journal=English Today |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=44–49 |doi=10.1017/S0266078403003092 |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=163683# |accessdate=2007-04-09 |quote=}} 2. ^ https://library.puc.edu/pitcairn/pitcairn/census.shtml 3. ^{{Cite book|title=Pacific Pidgins and Creoles|last=Tryon|first=Darrell T.|last2=Charpentier|publisher=Jean-Michel|year=2004|isbn=3-11-016998-3|location=Berlin|pages=11}} External links
6 : Languages of Oceania|English-based pidgins and creoles|Pitcairn Islands culture|Pitcairn Islands society|Languages of the Pitcairn Islands|Languages of the United Kingdom |
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