| 词条 | Pitseolak Ashoona |
| 释义 |
| bgcolour = | name = Pitseolak Ashoona | image = Pitseolak Ashoona.png | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = ᐱᑦᓯᐅᓛᖅ ᐊᓲᓇ | birth_date = 1904 or 1907 or 1908 | birth_place = | death_date = 1983 | death_place = Cape Dorset | nationality = Canadian | field = Drawing, prints | training = | movement = | works = | patrons = | influenced by = | influenced = | spouse = Ashoona | awards = {{awd|Order of Canada|1977}} | elected = {{awd|Royal Canadian Academy of Art|1974}} }} Pitseolak Ashoona, {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|CM}} (1904 or 1907 or 1908–1983; Inuktitut syllabics:ᐱᑦᓯᐅᓛᖅ ᐊᓲᓇ) was an inuk Canadian artist admired for her prolific body of work. She was also a member of the Royal Academy of the Arts. BiographyPitseolak was born to Timungiak and Oootochie on Nottingham Island in what is now Nunavut. Her name means "sea pigeon" in Inuktitut.[1] She grew up in the traditional life of her people, with food dependent on hunting and gathering. Her culture relied on shamans. Hers was one of the last generations of Inuit who grew up with the traditional lifestyles enjoyed by the North American Inuit for centuries. In 1922 (or 1923), Pitseolak married Ashoona, a hunter, in the Foxe Peninsula of Baffin Island.[2] They had 17 children, though only six (Namoonie, Qaqaq, Kumwartok, Kiugak, Napachie, and Ottochie) lived with Pitseolak until adulthood. Some died in childhood, and others were adopted out according to custom, and raised by other Inuit families.[3] After her husband died at the age of 40 from a viral sickness, Pitseolak raised four of the children, Kumwartok, Qaqaq, Kiawak or Kiugak, and daughter Napachie Pootoogook, herself .{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} Years of hardship followed the death of Ashoona, which occurred sometime in the early to mid 1940s. He died in the early years of the Second World War, a time of decline in the market for furs.[3] Over time the loss of Ashoona led Pitseolak to become an artist. Making prints eased her loneliness and she described her art as what made her "the happiest since he died". Pitseolak's artwork later enabled her to support her family. Though her art arose from painful circumstances, it expressed mostly positive memories and experiences. As Christine Lalonde notes in Pitseolak Ashoona: Life & Work: "scenes of deprivation and suffering almost never appear in her drawings, though certain images convey sadness and longing" about the passing of Ashoona.[3] Pitseolak is recognized as one of the first Inuit artists to create autobiographical works. Her art contained images of traditional Inuit life and contributed to the establishment of a modern Inuit art form, one that transmitted traditional knowledge and values while at the same time achieving worldwide popular and commercial success.[3] Pitseolak died on May 28, 1983 in Cape Dorset. She was survived by a large family of artists, including:
Artistic careerPitseolak Ashoona was one of the first artists in the 1960s to make drawings for the print studio in Cape Dorset. She was a self-taught artist, who worked out solutions to artistic problems through what Lalonde described as "a self directed-program of repetitious drawing".[3] Initially Pitseolak worked sewing and embroidering goods for sale as part of the arts and crafts program. It was initiated by the Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources as a way for Inuit to earn money. It was introduced by James Archibald Houston and Alma Houston at Cape Dorset in 1956.[3] Upon seeing the work of her cousin Kiakshuk (1886–1966), who was part of the Cape Dorset graphic studio, Pitseolak decided to take up drawing. Her early work was well received and she soon became one of the most popular artists among those creating images for the Cape Dorset print collection.[3] First working with graphite pencil, Pitseolak would later move on to coloured pencil and felt-tip pens. Lalonde said these became her favored medium because their "rich and vibrant colours" best expressed "the joyfulness that characterizes her work".[3] Pitseolak's cousin, Kiakshuk, and Houston both inspired her to try her hand at drawing. She also worked on copper plates, but did not enjoy this technique. In the last two decades of her life, from 1960 onwards, she produced a collection of more than 7,000 images, 233 of which were created as prints in her Cape Dorset Collection.[6] She said these illustrated life pre-contact, "the things we did long ago before there were many white men."[7] Her artwork focuses on both daily life and legends, or Taleelayu. Pitseolak was inspired by other artists in her community who started before her, saying: "I don't know who did the first print, but Kiakshuk, Niviaksiak, Oshawetok and Tudlik were all drawing at the beginning. I liked the first prints ... because they were truly Eskimo."[8] Pitseolak was accepted into the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts in 1974 and was awarded the Order of Canada in 1977 for her work. {{quote|text=Through the following decade and until her death in 1983, Pitseolak continued to draw, and to work with new media. An arts grant awarded to her in 1975 sparked experimentation in a new medium – acrylic paint on canvas. Initially, she approached painting like drawing, outlining in pencil and then filling in with colour. As she gradually adapted to the nuances of the medium, she began laying down bold colours side by side to achieve her vivid affect.|source=The Pictures[9]}}Pitseolak found prints to be the most challenging, as she said in Dorothy Harley Eber's book Pitseolak: Pictures of My Life; "To make prints is not easy. You must think first and this is hard to do. But I am happy doing the prints."[10] Though not active as a printmaker, Pitseolak experimented with drawing directly on copper plates and, to a lesser degree, lithographic stones.[3] In 1973 she narrated her story in the National Film Board's animated documentary Pictures out of My Life, directed by Bozenna Heczko and based on interviews from Eber's book.[11][12] Pitseolak was also featured on a stamp, issued on March 8, 1993 and designed by Heather J. Cooper, in commemoration of International Woman's Day.[13] Pitseolak's work has been featured in exhibitions at Canadian museums, including the National Gallery of Canada, the Winnipeg Art Gallery, the Art Gallery of Ontario, the Canadian museum of civilizations, and the Vancouver Art Gallery. In 1975 she had a retrospective at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C., organized by the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada.[6] References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artist.php?iartistid=4353 |title=Pitseolak Ashoona 1904–1983|author= |date= |publisher=National Gallery of Canada |access-date=March 10, 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=196 |title=PITSEOLAK (Pitseolak Ashoona) |author= |date=August 6, 2012 |publisher=Canadian Women Artists History Initiative |access-date=March 10, 2015}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{ cite web | url=http://www.aci-iac.ca/pitseolak-ashoona/biography | title= Pitseolak Ashoona: Life and Work | last=Lalonde | first=Christine | publisher=Art Canada Institute | date=2015 |website=The Art Canada Institute }} 4. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/qaqaq-ashoona/ |title=Qaqaq Ashoona |last=Routledge |first=Marie |date=July 2, 2006 |encyclopedia =The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada |edition=online |access-date=March 10, 2015}} 5. ^{{cite encyclopedia | access-date=March 10, 2015 | url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kiawak-ashoona/ | title=Kiawak Ashoona | encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia | publisher=Historica Canada | date=July 2, 2006 | last=Routledge | first=Marie | edition=online}} 6. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/778841636|title=Women in charge : artiste Inuit contemporanee = Inuit contemporary women artists = artistes Iunuit contemporaines|last=Stefania.|first=Tiberini, Elvira|date=2011|publisher=Officina libraria|others=Museo preistorico-etnografico Luigi Pigorini.|isbn=9788889854655|location=Milano|oclc=778841636}} 7. ^{{cite encyclopedia |first=George |last=Swinton |date=March 4, 2015|title=Inuit Art |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada |edition=online |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/inuit-art/}} 8. ^{{cite book |last=Eber |first=Dorothy Harley |date=2003 |edition=second |title=Pitseolak: Pictures Out of My Life |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |isbn=978-0-7735-2565-8 |p=37 |ref=harv}} 9. ^{{cite book |first=Pitseolak |last=Ashoona |title=The Pictures |publisher=Feheley Fine Arts |p=2 |date=2003}} 10. ^{{harvnb|Eber|2003|p=45}} 11. ^{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pitseolak-ashoona/ |title=Pitseolak Ashoona |last=Eber |first=Dorothy Harley |date=July 2, 2006 |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada |edition=online |access-date=March 10, 2015}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=12874 |title=Pictures Out of My Life |author= |date=1973 |publisher=National Film Board of Canada |access-date=March 10, 2015}} 13. ^{{Cite web| title = Pitseolak| work = Famous Canadian Women on Stamps| accessdate =July 24, 2014 | url = http://famouscanadianwomen.com/stamps/pitseolak.htm}} Further reading{{Commons}}
14 : 1904 births|1983 deaths|Canadian Inuit women|Members of the Order of Canada|Inuit printmakers|Artists from Nunavut|People from Qikiqtaaluk Region|Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts|20th-century Canadian artists|Women printmakers|20th-century printmakers|Inuit artists|Inuit from the Northwest Territories|20th-century women artists |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。