| 词条 | Coliboaia Cave |
| 释义 |
|name = Coliboaia Cave |other_name = Peștera Coliboaia |photo = Coliboaia cave.jpg |photo_width = 240 |photo_caption = Coliboaia Cave, Apuseni Mountains, Romania |map = Romania |map_width = 240 |map_caption = location in Romania |map_alt = Coliboaia Cave Romania |location = Apuseni Natural Park, Bihor County, Romania |coords = {{coord|46|31|51|N|22|35|44|E|display=inline,title}} |coords_ref = yes |land_registry_number = |grid_ref = |depth = 560 m |length = 750 m |height_variation = |elevation = |discovery = 1903{{dubious|Contradicts article-"pre-1900"|date=July 2018}} |geology = Limestone |entrance_count = 1 |entrance_list = |difficulty = |hazards = |access = |show_cave = |show_cave_length = |lighting = |visitors = |survey = |survey_format = |website = }}Coliboaia Cave ({{lang-ro|Peștera Coliboaia}}, {{IPA-ro|koliˈbo̯aja|pron}}) is located in Apuseni Natural Park, Câmpani, Bihor County, Romania. It contains the oldest known cave paintings of Central Europe,[1] radiocarbon dated to 32,000 and 35,000 years BP,[2][3] corresponding to the Aurignacian and Gravettian cultures of the Paleolithic period.[4] Research historyThe Coliboaia Cave was first mentioned in literature before 1900, but only in 1981 was it extensively investigated by Gabor Halasi. The cave was not widely known until September 2009, when prehistoric parietal cave paintings were discovered. It was quickly put under protection by the Romanian Federation of Speleology.[5] Location and accessSituated on a western slope of the Sigheştel Valley, the cave sits at an altitude of {{convert|560|m|ft|abbr=on}}. It has a medium-sized entrance and a portal that is oriented from east to west. To access the so-called Art Gallery, cave divers must pass a great chamber, natural lake, and main gallery. The Art Gallery itself is seven meters above ground.{{dubious|Above what ground?|date=July 2018}}{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} DrawingsThe drawings in the Art Gallery are representations of animals, done in black and likely with charcoal. Some of the animals depicted include bison, bears, and rhinoceros, while the subject of other drawings remains unknown. The images are on both walls of the cave and do not appear to have any type of symmetrical pattern.[6] On the right wall, there is a drawing of a bison. The picture is {{convert|1.43|to|2.02|m|ft|2|abbr=on}} above the ground and executed in bluish-gray lines. On the left side, an illustration of a rhinoceros head is {{convert|58|to|89|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} above the floor. A consistent element to these drawings is that they only represent the heads of animals.[7] DatingThe age of the pictures is being debated. Archaeologists’ estimates vary from the Early to the Middle Upper Paleolithic, in between 29,000 and 23,000 years ago,{{dubious|Contradicts both lead dates, 35-32 kya, and the second half of this very sentence (Aurignacian option)! Source for both datings...?|date=July 2018}} which corresponds to the Aurignacian culture (35,000 to 29,000 years ago) and the Gravettian culture (29,000 to 22,000 years ago). However, the fact that cave bears and rhinos were scarce during those two time periods, makes this dating controversial.{{dubious|Tried to fix nonsensical sentence. Hope I got it right. Pls check with source.|date=July 2018}} Furthermore, the drawings do not appear to be completely uniform. This suggests they were not all done at the same time. [1]{{dubious|A 35-22 kya dating in itself suggest different dates for different drawings! Reformulate?|date=July 2018}} See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/1488865/An_Exceptional_Archaeological_Discovery_-_The_Art_Gallery_in_Coliboaia_Cave_Apuseni_Mountains_Romania|title=An Exceptional Archaeological Discovery-The Art Gallery in Coliboaia Cave Apuseni Mountains Romania|author=|website= Academia|access-date=17 March 2015}} {{Navbox prehistoric caves}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pestera Coliboaia}}2. ^{{cite web|title=Central Europe's oldest cave paintings discovered at Coliboaia Cave|url=http://donsmaps.com/romaniancaveart.html}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |title= Drawing Paleolithic Romania |url= http://archive.archaeology.org/1201/trenches/coliboaia_cave_romania_charcoal_drawings.html}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Romanian Cave May Boast Central Europe's Oldest Cave Art|url=http://news.sciencemag.org/europe/2010/06/romanian-cave-may-boast-central-europes-oldest-cave-art}} 5. ^Harald Floss, European Upper Paleolithic art: a cultural heritage of Outstanding Universal Value. In De Sanz, Nuria, Human origin sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia, UNESCO Publishing, 2015, p.103 6. ^Andrew J. Lawson, Painted Caves: Palaeolithic Rock Art in Western Europe, OUP Oxford, 2012, {{ISBN|0199698228}}, 9780199698226, p. 195 7. ^Andrew J. Lawson, Painted Caves: Palaeolithic Rock Art in Western Europe, OUP Oxford, 2012, {{ISBN|0199698228}}, 9780199698226, p. 195 3 : Caves of Romania|Geography of Bihor County|Archaeological sites in Romania |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。