| 词条 | Community resilience |
| 释义 |
Community resilience planningA community resilience plan is an action plan that allows for a community to rebuild after disaster. The plan should entail specific guidelines that will aid the community to rebuild both the economy and the ecosystem that the community thrives on. This typically means there are measures in place that a community will follow, such as the distribution of volunteers, and the access to knowledge and resources necessary to rebuild. Adaptability is a key attribute which means prevention can occur in response or before disaster strikes. The National Institute of Standards and Technology has a Community Resilience department tasked with solving this problem.[5] This agency has created a Community Resilience Planning Guide, and its aim is to assist communities with anticipating challenges through a practical application that takes into account the social needs of the community as well as dependencies on the "built environment" - buildings and infrastructure systems.[6] The outline of the six step process is shown below:
Classification of hazardsThe scope of community resilience extends beyond natural disasters and include manmade events.[7] Below are an example of disasters communities face on a daily basis:
Hazard events that occur regularly and are typically less consequential events in terms of damage and recovery.
Hazard events that structures must be designed to withstand and often includes many natural disasters.
Hazard events may also found in building codes for some hazards; however, they are likely to cause significant and often irreparable damage. Dependencies and cascading failuresInfrastructure systems such as buildings, water, electric power, transportation, and communication are all interconnected and interdependent networks or systems.[8] This means that a failure in one network can have catastrophic impact on another system. When Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, LA on August 23, 2005, it caused network outages in transportation and power networks which led to system failure and impedance in others such communication and emergency services. See also
References1. ^{{cite book |last1=Bosher |first1=Lee |last2=Chmutina |first2=Ksenia|date= April 3, 2017 |title= Disaster Risk Reduction for the Built Environment |url= http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1118921496.html |location= 111 River Street. Hoboken, NJ 07030 |publisher= John Wiley & Sons |page=32 |isbn=9781118921500}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Fran H.|first1=Norris|last2=Susan P.|first2=Stevens|title=Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capacities, and Strategy for Disaster Readiness|journal=American Journal of Community Psychology|date=March 2008|volume=41|pages=127–150|doi=10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Sharifi|first1=Ayyoob|title=A critical review of selected tools for assessing community resilience|journal=Ecological Indicators|date=October 2016|volume=69|pages=629–647|doi=10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.05.023}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Sharifi|first1=Ayyoob|last2=Yamagata|first2=Yoshiki|title=On the suitability of assessment tools for guiding communities towards disaster resilience|journal=International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction|date=September 2016|volume=18|pages=115–124|doi=10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.06.006}} 5. ^https://www.nist.gov/topics/community-resilience.html 6. ^https://www.nist.gov/topics/community-resilience/community-resilience-planning-guide.html 7. ^{{cite journal|last1=Patel|first1=Sonny|last2=Rogers|first2=M. Brooke|title=What Do We Mean by ‘Community Resilience’? A Systematic Literature Review of How It Is Defined in the Literature|journal=PLOS Currents: Disasters|date=February 2017|volume=1|doi=10.1371/currents.dis.db775aff25efc5ac4f0660ad9c9f7db2}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Guidotti|first1=Roberto|last2=Chmielewski|first2=Hana|title=Modeling the resilience of critical infrastructure: the role of network dependencies|journal=Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure|date=September 2016|volume=1|pages=153–159|doi=10.1080/23789689.2016.1254999}} External links
5 : Disaster preparedness|Emergency management|Humanitarian aid|Occupational safety and health|Failure |
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