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词条 Competition and Markets Authority
释义

  1. Formation

  2. Responsibilities

  3. Strategic Goals

  4. CMA Board and Senior Executive team

  5. Controversy

  6. Healthcare

  7. See also

  8. Notes

  9. External links

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The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) is a non-ministerial government department in the United Kingdom, responsible for strengthening business competition and preventing and reducing anti-competitive activities. The CMA launched in shadow form on 1 October 2013 and began operating fully on 1 April 2014, when it assumed many of the functions of the previously existing Competition Commission and Office of Fair Trading, which were abolished.

Formation

On 15 March 2012 the UK Government's Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) announced proposals for strengthening competition in the UK by merging the Office of Fair Trading and the Competition Commission to create a new single Competition and Markets Authority (CMA).[1] The formation of the CMA was enacted in Part 3 of the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013,[2] which received royal assent on 25 April 2013.

In July 2012, Lord Currie was appointed Chairman designate of the CMA and in January 2013 Alex Chisholm was appointed Chief Executive designate.[3] The term 'designate' was dropped when the CMA was launched on 1 October 2013.

On 15 July 2013 BIS announced the first stage of an open public consultation period and published a summary, setting out the background to the consultation and inviting views on the draft guidance for the CMA.[4] The first stage of the consultation ended on 6 September 2013. On 17 September, BIS announced the second stage of the consultation, which closed on 7 November 2013.[5]

During 2013 and 2014, the CMA announced several waves of appointments at director level, reporting to members of the senior executive team.[6]

On 28 March 2014 the CMA published the Rules of Procedure for CMA merger, market and special reference groups[7]

following a consultation which ran from 21 February to 18 March.

On 26 July 2017, Andrea Coscelli was appointed Chief Executive Officer of the Competition and Markets Authority.[8]

On 20 June 2018, Andrew Tyrie took up his role as the new Chair of the CMA, taking over from Lord Currie.[9]

Responsibilities

{{seealso|English contract law|EU competition law}}

In situations where competition could be unfair or consumer choice may be affected, the CMA is responsible for:[10]

  • investigating mergers
  • conducting market studies
  • investigating possible breaches of prohibitions against anti-competitive agreements under the Competition Act 1998
  • bringing criminal proceedings against individuals who commit cartels offences
  • enforcing consumer protection legislation, particularly the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contract Directive and Regulations
  • encouraging regulators to use their competition powers
  • considering regulatory references and appeals

Strategic Goals

The CMA currently lists 5 strategic goals[11]:

  • delivering effective enforcement – to deter wrongdoing, protect consumers and educate businesses
  • extending competition frontiers – by using the markets regime to improve the way competition works, in particular within the regulated sectors
  • refocusing consumer protection – working with its partners to promote compliance and understanding of the law, and empowering consumers to make informed choices
  • achieving professional excellence – by managing every case efficiently, transparently and fairly, and ensuring all legal, economic and financial analysis is conducted to the highest international standards
  • developing integrated performance – through ensuring that all staff are brought together from different professional backgrounds to form effective multi-disciplinary teams and provide a trusted competition adviser across government

CMA Board and Senior Executive team

  • The Rt Hon Lord Andrew Tyrie, Chair[12]
  • Dr Andrea Coscelli, Chief Executive [13]
  • Dr Michael Grenfell, Executive Director, Enforcement[14]
  • Andrea Gomes da Silva, Executive Director, Markets and Mergers[13]
  • Erik Wilson, Executive Director, Corporate Services[15]
  • William Kovacic, Non-Executive Director[16]
  • Alan Giles, Non-Executive Director[17]
  • Amelia Fletcher OBE, Non-Executive Director[18]
  • Jonathon Scott, Non-Executive Director[13]
  • Martin Coleman, Non-Executive Director[13]
  • Cynthia Dubin, Non-Executive Director[19]
  • Kirstin Baker, Panel Member Non-Executive Director[13]
  • Dr. Mike Walker, Chief Economic Adviser (attends meetings and provides advice to the Board)[13]
  • Sarah Cardell, General Counsel (attends meetings and provides advice to the Board)[13]

Controversy

The UK Competition Commission ruled several times against MyFerryLink, so it could no longer operate from Dover despite the French competition authority authorising cross-channel activity.[20] The French government blamed the decision to ban one out of three ferry operators on fair-trade concerns.[21] The appeals court overturned these rulings[22] because MyFerryLink was not a merger of the bankrupt SeaFrance and Eurotunnel.[23] MyFerryLink called attention to a potential conflict of interest, pointing out that the former accountant of DFDS (the competitor and plaintiff) was now a member of the UK Competition Commission.[24] Following these delays, Eurotunnel (owner of the boats rented to MyFerryLink) sold two new boats to the DFDS competitor.[25] Because of this the port of Calais was blocked by workers, boats were occupied and the Channel Tunnel attacked, resulting in cross-channel disruption and traffic jams in the UK and France.[26]

Healthcare

During an inquiry into the private healthcare market the authority made the Private Healthcare Market Investigation Order 2014. This requires healthcare providers, including NHS trusts to submit information to the Private Healthcare Information Network. This will include information about infection rates, rates of adverse incidents, and the relative health improvement brought about by treatments. This will be broken down by consultant in 2018 and in 2019 will extend to charges.[27]

See also

  • English contract law
  • EU competition law

Notes

1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/strengthening-competition-and-creating-a-single-competition-and-markets-authority-cma--2 |title=Strengthening competition and creating a single competition and markets authority (CMA) |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=15 March 2012 |work= |publisher=Department for Business Innovation & Skills |accessdate=1 April 2013}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/24/part/3/enacted |title=Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013, Part 3 |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=25 April 2013 |work= |publisher=The National Archives |accessdate=26 March 2014}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmhansrd/cm130108/wmstext/130108m0001.htm#13010823000041 |title=Competition and Markets Authority |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=8 January 2013 |work=Ministerial statement by Vince Cable |publisher=Hansard |accessdate=1 April 2013}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/competition-and-markets-authority-guidance-part-1 |title=Competition and Markets Authority - Open consultation guidance |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=15 July 2013 |work= |publisher=Department for Business, Innovation & Skills |accessdate=2 August 2013}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/competition-and-markets-authority-guidance-part-2 |title=Competition and Markets Authority guidance, Part 2 |date=17 September 2013 |work= |publisher=Department for Business Innovation and Skills, UK Government |accessdate=17 September 2013}}
6. ^Appointments at Director level:
seven: {{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/competition-and-markets-authority-announces-further-appointments |title=CMA announces further appointments |date=6 November 2013 |work= |publisher=Competition and Markets Authority, UK Government |accessdate=8 November 2013}}
eighteen {{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/competition-and-markets-authority-announces-next-wave-of-senior-appointments|title=Second wave of appointments |date=14 November 2013 |work= |publisher=Competition and Markets Authority, UK Government |accessdate=24 December 2013}}
eighteen {{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/competition-and-markets-authority-announces-third-wave-of-director-appointments|title=Third wave of appointments |date=13 December 2013 |work= |publisher=Competition and Markets Authority, UK Government |accessdate=24 December 2013}}
eleven {{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/competition-and-markets-authority-announces-further-wave-of-director-appointments |title=Further wave of appointments |date=24 January 2014 |work= |publisher=Competition and Markets Authority, UK Government |accessdate=10 February 2014}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/298801/CMA17.pdf |title= Rules of Procedure for Merger, Market and Special Reference Groups |date=28 March 2014 |publisher=CMA |accessdate=31 March 2014}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/andrea-coscelli-named-ceo-of-competition-and-markets-authority|title=Andrea Coscelli named CEO of Competition and Markets Authority|publisher=UK Government|accessdate=11 August 2017}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/andrew-tyrie-begins-as-chair-of-competition-and-markets-authority|title=Andrew Tyrie begins as Chair of Competition and Markets Authority|website=GOV.UK|language=en|access-date=2019-01-09}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/competition-and-markets-authority/about |title=CMA Responsibilities |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher=UK Government |accessdate=17 March 2014}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/competition-and-markets-authority/about|title=About us|website=GOV.UK|language=en|access-date=2019-01-09}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/people/andrew-tyrie|title=The Rt Hon Lord Andrew Tyrie - GOV.UK|website=www.gov.uk|language=en|access-date=2019-01-09}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/competition-and-markets-authority/about/our-governance|title=Our governance|website=GOV.UK|language=en|access-date=2019-01-09}}
14. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cma-appoints-new-executive-director|title=CMA appoints new Executive Director|publisher= UK Government|accessdate=4 July 2015}}
15. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.gov.uk/government/people/erik-wilson|title=Erik Wilson – biography and role|publisher= UK Government|accessdate=20 October 2013}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/people/william-kovacic|title= William Kovacic – biography|publisher= UK Government|accessdate=20 October 2013}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/people/alan-giles|title= Alan Giles – biography|publisher= UK Government|accessdate=20 October 2013 }}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/people/amelia-fletcher|title= Amelia Fletcher OBE – biography|publisher= UK Government|accessdate=20 December 2017 }}
19. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-non-executive-director-and-panel-members-appointed-to-the-competition-and-markets-authority-board|title=New non-executive director and panel members appointed to the Competition and Markets Authority board|last=Clark|first=Greg|date=7 February 2019|work=GOV.UK|access-date=16 March 2019}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/lautorite-de-la-concurrence-autorise-eurotunnel-racheter-la-flotte-de-seafrance|title=L'autorité de la concurrence autorise Eurotunnel à racheter la flotte de SeaFrance|date=14 November 2012|publisher=}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/Frederic-Cuvillier-condamne-la.html|title=French Ministry of Transport blame CMA decision|publisher=}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.travelweekly.co.uk/Articles/2015/05/26/54301/appeal-bid-against-myferrylink-ruling-turned-down.html|title=}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/sea_france_final_-15_05-_15_2.pdf|title=Judge decision in Scop SeaFrance against CMA|publisher=}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/societes/2014/06/28/20005-20140628ARTFIG00004-myferrylink-interdit-de-sejour-en-angleterre.php|title=MyFerryLink interdit de séjour en Angleterre|date=28 June 2014|publisher=}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/economie/myferrylink-eurotunnel-cede-deux-bateaux-au-danois-dfds-08-06-2015-4843661.php|title=MyFerryLink : Eurotunnel cède deux bateaux au Danois DFDS|date=8 June 2015|publisher=}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-kent-33340850|title=Travel chaos as strike continues|date=1 July 2015|publisher=|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}
27. ^{{cite news|title=Competition regulator urgently demands data from trusts|url=https://www.hsj.co.uk/7018043.article?mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiT0dJME5qSXlabUl3T0RCbSIsInQiOiJZY3VRQk0rdXA4cTRmTFJcL0ltUTM3SkE2VkJzb3kwNTBtMUU2NlR3NmpYWEtOUFJNRkJcL0NXK1wvU2p6bGRtUVBiclBQM2JwVGtJR0lJRyszSG5XdjBHNWZvSW1veXZNUE9rMzB3SFdpTUFESFpsRlVKeURYNGpsVGtNNCtxM3Y2YiJ9|accessdate=18 May 2017|publisher=Health Service Journal|date=18 May 2017}}

External links

  • {{official website|https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/competition-and-markets-authority}}
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/24/contents/enacted |title=Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher=UK Government |accessdate=}}
  • {{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/275064/CMAorganogram.pdf |title=CMA structure |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |work= |publisher=UK Government |accessdate=}}
  • {{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/cma-cases |title=CMA cases |publisher=UK Government}}
{{Departments of the United Kingdom Government}}{{Economy of the United Kingdom}}

7 : 2013 establishments in the United Kingdom|Competition regulators|Department for Business, Innovation and Skills|Organisations based in the London Borough of Camden|Non-ministerial departments of the United Kingdom Government|Financial regulatory authorities of the United Kingdom|Consumer organisations in the United Kingdom
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